附子不同组分对寒证小鼠的急性毒性实验比较研究

目的比较附子不同组分对寒证小鼠急性毒性的影响，进行附子药材的急性毒性观察与评价，为临床安全合理用药提供依据。方法采用低温冷冻法制作寒证小鼠模型，分别制备附子全组分、水提组分和醇提组分，采用经典的急性毒性实验方法分别测定MLD和LD50.结果附子醇提组分的对寒证小鼠的LD。值为12．0g·kg^-1·d^-1，相当于临床70．0kg的成人每公斤体重日用量的56．0倍；附子全组分、水提组分对寒证小鼠的MLD为16．0g·kg^-1·d^-1和28．8g·kg^-1·d^-1，相当于临床70．0kg的成人每公斤体重日用量的74．7倍和134．4倍。通过观察发现，附子灌胃小鼠的急性毒性症状主要有：怠动、恶心、四肢麻痹、抽搐、惊厥和俯卧不动，且多发生于5．0h之内。结论附子不同组分对寒证小鼠具有一定的急性毒性，其毒性强度大小为：醇提组分〉全组分〉水提组分。

Comparative Study on Acute Toxicity of Different Components of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata on Cold-syndrome Mice

Objective To compare the acute toxicity effect of different components of Aconite on cold-syndrome mice and observe/evaluate the acute toxicity of Aconite herbs. Thus, we try to provide a foundation for rational drug use in clinic. Methods We made cold-syndrome mice model by low temperature freezing, prepared the all-components, water extracted components and alcohol extracted components, then ig. all-components, water extracted components and alcohol extracted components of Aconite to mice and the MLD and LDs0 were tested respectively by the classic methods of acute toxicity. Results The LD50 of alcohol extracted components was 12.0 g·kg^-1, which was equal to 56.0 times of the clinical daily dosage in 70kg humans. The MLD of all-components and water extracted components was respectively 16.0 g·kg^-1 and 28.8g·kg^-1, which was equal to 74.7 times and 134.4 times of the chnical daily dosage in 70kg humans. By observing, we found that hypokinesia, nausea, quadriplegia, hyperspasmia, consequence and prostrate motionlessness were the main acute toxical symptoms caused by Aconite after gavage administration, and these symptoms mostly occurred in 5 hours. Conclusion Different components of Aconite can cause certain acute toxicity effect on cold-syndrome mice, and the alcohol extracted components are with the greatest degree of toxicity followed by the all-components, and the least is the water extracted components.