附子不同组分对疼痛小鼠的急性毒性实验比较研究

目的比较附子不同组分对疼痛小鼠急性毒性的影响，进行附子药材的急性毒性观察与评价，为临床安全合理用药提供依据。方法用0．6％冰醋酸制作疼痛小鼠模型，分别制备附子全组分、水提组分和醇提组分，采用经典的急性毒性实验方法分别测定最大耐受量（MTD）和半数致死量（LD50）。结果附子醇提组分的对疼痛小鼠的LD50值为13．6g·kg^-1·d^-1，相当于临床70．0kg的成人每公斤体重日用量的63.5倍；附子全组分、水提组分对疼痛小鼠的MTD为8．0g·kg^-1·d^-1和14．4g·kg^-1·d^-1，相当于临床70．0kg的成人每公斤体重日用量的37．3倍和67．2倍。通过观察发现，附子灌胃小鼠的急性毒性症状主要有：怠动、恶心、四肢麻痹、抽搐、惊厥和俯卧不动，且多发生于6．0h之内。结论附子不同组分对疼痛小鼠具有一定的急性毒性，其毒性强度大小为：醇提组分〉全组分〉水提组分。

Comparative Study on Acute Toxicity of Different Components of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata on Algesic Mice

Objective To compare the acute toxicity effect of different components of Aconite on algesic mice and observe/evaluate the acute toxicity of Aconite herbs. Thus, we try to provide a foundation for rational drug use in clinic. Methods We made algesic mice model with 0.6% acetic acid, prepared the all-components, water extracted components and alcohol extracted components, then ig. all-components, water extracted components and alcohol extracted components of Aconite to mice and the MTD, LD50 were tested respectively by the classic methods of acute toxicity. Results We found that the LDs0 of alcohol extracted components was 13.6 g·kg^-1·d^-1, which was equal to 63.5 times of the clinical daily dosage in 70kg humans. The MTD of all-components and water extracted components was respectively 8.0 g·kg^-1·d^-1 and 14.4 g·kg^-1·d^-1, which was respectively equal to 37.3 times and 67.2 times of the clinical daily dosage in 70 kg humans. By observing, we found that hypokinesia, nausea, quadriplegia, hyperspasmia consequence and prostrate motionlessness were the main acute toxical symptoms caused by Aconite after gavage adminis- tration, and these symptoms mostly occurred in six hours. Conclusion Different components of Aconite could cause certain acute toxicity effect on algesic mice, and the alcohol extracted components were with the greatest degree of toxicity followed by the all-components, and the least was the water extracted components.