附子不同组分对正常小鼠的急性毒性实验比较研究

目的比较附子不同组分对正常小鼠急性毒性的影响，进行附子药材的急性毒性观察与评价，为临床安全合理用药提供依据。方法分别制备附子全组分、水提组分和醇提组分，采用经典的急性毒性实验方法分别测定近似最小致死量（MLD）和半数致死量（LD50）。结果附子醇提组分的对正常小鼠的LD。值及95％可信限为11．7g·kg^-1·d^-1和11．1～12．4g·kg^-1·d^-1，相当于临床70．0kg的成人每公斤体重日用量的54．6倍；附子全组分、水提组分对正常小鼠的MLD为16．0g·kg^-1·d^-1和14．4g·kg^-1·d^-1，相当于临床70．0kg的成人每公斤体重日用量的74．7倍和67．2倍。通过观察发现，附子灌胃小鼠的急性毒性症状主要有：怠动、恶心、四肢麻痹、抽搐、惊厥和俯卧不动，且多发生于6．0h之内。结论附子不同组分对正常小鼠具有一定的急性毒性，其毒性强度大小为：醇提组分〉水提组分〉全组分。

Comparative Study on Acute Toxicity of Different Components of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata on Normal Mice

Objective To compare the acute toxicity effect of different components of Aconite on normal mice and observe/evaluate the acute toxicity of Aconite herbs. Thus, we try to provide a foundation for rational drug use in clinic. Methods Preparing the all-components, water extracted components and alcohol extracted components, then ig. all-components, water extracted components and alcohol extracted components of Aconite to mice and the MLD, LD50 were tested respectively by the classic methods of acute toxicity. Results The LDs0 and 95% confidence limit of alcohol extracted components was 11.7 g·kg^-1·d^-1 and 11.1~12.4 g·kg^-1·d^-1 respectively, which was equal to 54.6 times of the clinical daily dosage in 70kg humans. The MLD of all-components was 16.0 g·kg^-1·d^-1 and the MLD of water extracted components was 14.4 g·kg^-1·d^-1, which was respectively equal to 74.7 times and 67.2 times of the clinical daily dosage in 70kg humans. By observing, we found that hypokinesia, nausea, quadriplegia, hyperspasmia, consequence and prostrate motionlessness were the main acute toxical symptoms and signs caused by Aconite, and these occurred in six hours after gavage administration. Conclusion Different components of Aconite can cause certain acute toxicity effect on normal mice, and the alcohol extracted components are with the greatest degree of toxicity, followed by water extracted components, and the least is the all-components.