Influences of Tongue Protrusion on Rhythmical Jaw Movement in Rats |
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| Institution: | 1. Dept. of Orthodontics, Box 100444, JHMHSC, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0444, USA;2. Biomedical Sciences, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, 400 North Lee St., Lewisburg, VA 24901, USA;1. Clinical Nutrition Research Centre, Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), National University Health System, Singapore;2. Nestle Research Center, Lausanne, Switzerland;3. Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, A*STAR, Singapore;4. Singapore Bio-Imaging Consortium, A*STAR, Singapore;5. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore;6. Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, KK Women''s and Children''s Hospital, Singapore;7. KK Women''s and Children''s Hospital, Singapore;8. Department of Paediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore;9. Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada;10. Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore;11. Medical Research Council Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom;12. National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom;13. Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore;14. Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore |
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| Abstract: | Influences of tongue protrusion on rhythmical jaw movement were examined in lightly anesthetized adult rats. Both medial and lateral branches of the hypoglossal (XII) nerve on the right side were sectioned. The lateral branch of the XII nerve on the left side was also sectioned, and the medial branch was placed on stimulating electrodes. Intermittent electrical stimulation was delivered to the medial branch of the XII nerve to protrude the tongue, which was monitored by a tension-measuring device. Rhythmical jaw movements were elicited by electrical stimulation of the masticatory area of the cerebral cortex and were monitored using a magnet and magnet sensors. The following four major results were obtained: 1) the minimum opening position during cortically evoked chewing was significantly lowered by tongue protrusion, while no change was shown in the maximum opening position, 2) the lowering of the minimum opening position by tongue protrusion was consistent before and after mucosal anesthesia of the oral cavity, 3) the minimum and maximum opening positions were not altered by stimulation of the peripheral cut end of the medial branch of the XII nerve, and 4) the minimum opening position was lowered by stimulation of the central cut end of the medial branch of the XII nerve. These results suggest that the lowering of the minimum opening position by tongue protrusion is probably elicited from afferent signals through the medial branch of the XII nerve. |
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