阴道分泌物真菌感染5种检测方法比较

目的比较分析用于检出阴道分泌物中真菌的5种检测方法,从中选择出诊断真菌感染性阴道炎的灵敏度、特异度较好,同时快速、经济、简单的实验方案。方法选取2016年5-8月在该院妇科进行阴道分泌物检测的患者共442例,对442例标本同时进行真菌培养法、盐水KOH悬浮法、革兰染色、瑞氏染色、全自动六联5种方法检测,其中真菌培养为金标准,来评价其他4种方法的特异度、灵敏度、阴性预测值、阳性预测值、准确性。结果真菌培养法检测442例阴道分泌物标本,真菌感染的阳性率为34.8%(154/442)。与真菌培养法比较,4种检测方法的特异度、灵敏度、阴性预测值、阳性预测值、准确性分别为盐水KOH悬浮法97.9%、64.9%、83.9%、94.3%、86.4%;革兰染色96.5%、83.1%、91.4%、92.7%、91.8%;全自动六联检测84.7%、46.8%、74.8%、62.0%、71.5%;瑞氏染色96.9%、78.6%、89.4%、93.1%、90.5%。结论革兰染色灵敏度、特异度、准确度在4种检测方法中最高,是对临床送检阴道分泌物标本进行真菌检测的特异、灵敏、快速、经济、简单的检测方案,临床工作中如采用其他方法检测阴道分泌物中真菌,可同时结合革兰染色法以提高其准确度。

Comparison of five methods for the detection of fungal infections in vaginal secretions

Objective To compare the similarities and differences of the five detection methods used in the detection of fungi in vaginal secretions,and find the most sensitive、the most specific、the fastest、the most cost effective and the simplest method used in the detection of fungi in vaginal secretions.Methods A total of 442 patients were selected from the Department of Gynecology of Shenzhen OCT Hospital from May 2016 to August 2016.The vaginal secretion of 442 specimens was detected by using the methods of fungi culture、saline and KOH suspension method,Gram stain,Wright''s stain and Vaginitis Multi Test Kit.In these five methods,Fungi culture were using as gold standard to evaluate the specificity,sensitivity,negative predictive value,positive predictive value and accuracy of the other four methods.Results Using the fungus culture method to detect 442 cases of vaginal secretion,we found the positive rate of mycotic infection was 34.8%(154/442).Compared with the fungi culture method,the Specificity of saline and KOH suspension method was 97.9%,the sensitivity was 64.9%,the negative predictive value was 83.9%,the positive predictive value was 94.3% and the accuracy was 86.4%;the Specificity of Gram stain was 96.5%,the Sensitivity was 83.1%,the negative predictive value was 91.4%,the positive predictive value was 92.7% and the accuracy was 91.8%;the Specificity of Vaginitis Multi Test Kit was 84.7%,the Sensitivity was 46.8%,the negative predictive value was 74.8%,the positive predictive value was 62.0% and the accuracy was 71.5%;the Specificity of Wright''s stain was 96.9%,the Sensitivity was 78.6%,the negative predictive value was 89.4%,the positive predictive value was 93.1% and the accuracy was 90.5%.Conclusion Gram stain could be the most sensitive and specific method in the four methods,with highest accuracy,and the the fastest,the most cost effective and the simplest method for the detection of fungi in vaginal secretions.The accuracy of detecting fungi in vaginal secretions could be improved by the combination of Gram stain method in clinical work.