盘锦市室外空气污染对儿童呼吸系统健康的影响

目的:探讨室外空气污染对儿童呼吸系统健康的危害,对盘锦市不同污染区儿童健康状况及室外环境进行调查.方法:按整群抽样方法,于2002年4月在轻、中、重污染区随机抽取小学和幼儿园各1所,所有儿童作为调查对象.结果:盘锦市儿童持续咳嗽、持续咳痰、哮喘、哮喘现患、喘鸣及喘鸣样症状的发生率分别为4.87%、2.22%、0.95%、0.71%、6.76%、5.82%.幼儿发生率高于学龄儿童;重、中污染区儿童的发生率高于轻污染区.沿街居住、住房与交通干线距离的接近使儿童呼吸系统症状的发生率增高.具有家族哮喘史、家族过敏史或个体过敏体质的儿童呼吸症状发生率较高.易感因素与室外空气污染的联合作用较强,呼吸系统疾病症状的发生率均以受其他因素影响的易感儿童为高.结论:室外空气污染是儿童呼吸系统健康的影响因素.

Effect of outdoor air pollution on respiratory system in children from Panjin city

Objective: To study the effect of outdoor air pollution on respiratory system in children.Methods: In April 2002,1 elementary school and 1 kindergarten were randomly sampled from every air polluion district of Panjin city by cluster sampling method.All the children from sampled schools and kindergartens were included in this study.We determined the children's health conditions and the outdoor surroundings in different air pollution districts.Results: The incidence of persist cough,persistent phlegm,asthma,current asthma,wheeze,and wheeze symptom in children from Panjin city were 4.87%,2.22%,0.95%,0.71%,6.76%,and 5.82%,respectively.The incidences of respiratory symptoms in preschool children were higher than those in school age children,and the incidences in childeren in severe or moderate air pollution districts were higher than those in children in mild air pollution districts.We found the incidences of respiratory symptoms in children increased with the shortening of the distance to the main stem.Children with family history of asthma or individual history of hypersensitivity were more likely to develop respiratory symptoms.The combining role of susceptible factors and outdoor air pollution was strong,and the incidences of respiratory symptoms were higher in sensitive children affected by other factors.Conclusion: Outdoor air pollution is the important determinant affecting respiratory system in children.