小切口经肌间隙与微创经皮入路治疗单节段胸腰椎骨折的临床对比研究

目的:比较小切口经肌间隙与微创经皮入路椎弓根钉短节段跨伤椎固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的优缺点及疗效。方法:2009年8月至2012年8月,采用小切口经肌间隙入路或微创经皮入路椎弓根钉短节段跨伤椎固定技术治疗并获得1年以上随访的无神经损伤症状的胸腰椎骨折患者95例,男65例,女30例;年龄16～60岁,平均42岁。小切口经肌间隙入路固定58例(经肌间隙组),微创经皮入路固定37例(微创经皮组).对两种不同入路的手术切口总长度、手术时间、术中出血量、术中透视时间、住院期间费用等围手术期指标,以及手术前后疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)和影像学结果等指标进行比较分析。结果:所有患者获得随访,平均随访时间19.6个月。未发现切口感染、椎弓根螺钉内固定松动断裂等并发症。经肌间隙组较微创经皮组术中透视时间短、住院期间费用低(p<0.05);而微创经皮组较经肌间隙组切口总长度小(p<0.05);但在手术时间、术中出血量、术后VAS及术后影像学结果方面两者比较差异无统计学意义(p>0.05).术后VAS及影像学指标均较术前改善(p<0.05).结论:小切口经肌间隙入路与微创经皮入路椎弓根钉治疗单节段胸腰椎骨折具有相似的疗效。小切口经肌间隙入路易于学习掌握,无须增加患者手术费用和遭受过多的医源性辐射,建议优先考虑使用。

Mini-open trans-spatium intermuscular versus percutaneous short-segment pedicle fixation for the treatment of thoracolumbar mono-segmental vertebral fractures

Objective:To compare the clinical effects and radiographic outcomes of mini-open trans-spatium intermuscular and percutaneous short-segment pedicle fixation in treating thoracolumbar mono-segmental vertebral fractures without neurological deficits. Methods:From August 2009 and August 2012,95 patients with thoracolumbar mono-segmental vertebral fractures without neurological deficits were treated with short-segment pedicle fixation through mini-open trans-spatium intermuscular or percutaneous approach. There were 65 males and 30 females,aged from 16 to 60 years old with an average of 42 years. The mini-open trans-spatium intermuscular approach was used in 58 cases (group A) and the percutaneous approach was used in 37 cases (group B). Total incision length,operative time,intraoperative bleeding,fluoroscopy,hospitalization cost were compared between two groups. Visual analog scale (VAS) and radiographic outcomes were compared between two groups. Results:All patients were followed up from 12 to 36 months with an average of 19.6 months. No complications such as incision infection,internal fixation loosening and breakage were found. In group A,fluoroscopy time was short and hospitalization cost was lower than that of group B(p<0.05). But the total incision length in group B was smaller than that of group A(p<0.05). There was no significant differences in operative time,intraoperative bleeding,postoperative VAS and radiographic outcomes between two groups(p>0.05). Postoperative VAS and radiographic outcomes were improved than that of preoperative(p<0.05). Conclusion:The mini-open trans-spatium intermuscular and percutaneous short-segment pedicle fixation have similar clinical effects and radiographic outcomes in treating thoracolumbar mono-segmental vertebral fractures without neurological deficits. However,in this study,the mini-open trans-spatium intermuscular approach has a short learning curve and more advantages in hospitalization cost and intraoperative radiation exposure times,and is recommendable.