伞形科药用植物早期抽薹研究进展

早期抽薹已经成为严重制约伞形科中药材生产的关键问题之一。早期抽薹不仅降低药材产量,对药材质量亦有较大影响。作者通过产地调研和文献查阅,对伞形科药用植物早期抽薹的概念、发生机制、对药材质量的影响以及防治措施等研究进行综述,其发生机制包括:遗传因素,环境生态因子,内源激素,播期、施肥等生产管理措施等,针对以上发生机制,提出防治措施如下:优选种质,适期播种,合理施肥,外源激素处理,遮光、切断芦头、秋季割叶、合理栽培密度等农艺措施均可降低其抽薹率,并展望了早期抽薹问题今后的研究重点,包括制定道地药材栽培技术规范,筛选早期抽薹激素抑制剂,深入研究早期抽薹作用机制,揭示其早期抽薹基因和关键生态因子。研究春化基因、早期抽薹开花的调控基因等,进而从根本上解决由于早期抽薹造成的中药材减质、减产问题。

Advance in studying early bolting of Umbelliferae medicinal plant

The early bolting has become one of the key issues affecting the Umbelliferae herbs production. The early bolting does not only reduce herbs production but also affect the active ingredients of plants. The concept of early bolting, physiological theory, induce factors of the quality of medicine and, control technology about the early bolting of Umbelliferae are integrative reviewed in the paper. Its occurrence mechanism include:genetic factors, environmental and ecological factors, endogenous hormones, sowing, fertilizer and other production management measures. For the above occurring mechanism, the proposed prevention measures are as follows:preferably germplasm, sowing, rational fertilization, exogenous hormones, shading, reed head cut off, cut fall the leaves, reasonable planting density and other agronomic measures can reduce its bolting rate. And the early bolting problem focused for future research are mentioned, including:development of authentic ingredients cultivation technical specifications, screened early bolting hormone inhibitor, in-depth study of the mechanism of early bolting, reveal its early bolting gene and key ecological factors. The research of vernalization gene, gene regulation of flowering early bolting will solve the problem of quality and production reducing fundamentally caused by the early bolting.