听觉空间方位区分作业中的两类脑慢电位反应

目的研究听觉方位区分ERPs的类型特征及其受模拟失重影响的差异。方法 1 4名右利手正常被试者。以头低位倾斜 ( - 1 0°,HDT)为模拟失重 ,头高位倾斜 ( + 1 0°,HUT)为对照。要求被试者对不同方位的声音信号进行音调选择方位区分 ,每种体位作 4套测试。记录 9导脑电。结果 1 )根据靶刺激ERPs的特点将被试者分成I类 (n =7)和II类 (n =7) ,其主要差异为II类被试者的ERPs出现显著的负慢电位 ( 1 5 0～ 75 0ms) ,行为指标亦表明II类被试者的错误率和反应时均高于I类 ,提示II类被试者的心理负荷比I类重 ;2 )II类ERPs受HDT条件影响的时间比I类更早 ,负向偏移更大 ,表明头低位模拟失重对II类ERPs的影响程度要大于I类。结论ERPs中的慢电位在一定程度上可以体现心理负荷和脑功能状态 ,在航天航空作业人员的选拔和训练中应注意听觉ERPs的特征及其承受心理负荷的状况。

Two Types of Event-related Brain Slow Potentials in Auditory Location Dicrimination Task

Objective To study the difference between two types of event related brain potentials (ERPs) in auditory location discrimination task. Method Event related potentials (ERPs) in auditory location discrimination task were recorded in 14 normal subjects and were compared with head down tilt (HDT) and head up tilt (HUT) conditions. Result 1) The subjects could be divided into group I (n=7) and group II (n=7) according to the feature of the target ERPs component (P 3). The difference between the two groups was mainly that there was a negative slow wave after 150 ms in the ERPs of group II subjects, and that the reaction time and error rate in II group was higher than in I group. These data indicated that the psychological load on group II was larger than that on group I. 2) The reduction of mean slow potential amplitude during HDT was more significant in group II than in group I. Conclusion The slow potential amplitude of ERPs may reflect the psychological load and the brain function state. Attention should be paid to the feature of auditory ERPs in space medical practice.