Cigarette smoking and inflammation revisited |
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Authors: | Oren Rom Katia Avezov Dror Aizenbud Abraham Z. Reznick |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 9649, Haifa, Israel;2. Orthodontic and Craniofacial Department, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, P.O. Box 9602, Israel |
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Abstract: | Despite the significant health risks resulting from tobacco use, the prevalence of smokers worldwide remains high. Cigarette smoking is one of the major sources of toxic chemical exposure to humans and is the greatest cause of preventable illnesses and premature death. The adverse consequences of smoking in various pathologies are mediated by its effects on the immune-inflammatory system. In this review, we aim to explore the effects of cigarette smoking on the inflammatory response and molecular mechanisms with emphasis on the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) pathway. The effects of smoking on various inflammatory pathologies will be discussed, focusing on oral diseases, airway inflammation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). |
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Keywords: | Cigarette smoking Inflammation NF-kB Oral health COPD IBD |
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