直升机飞行人员住院疾病谱分析

目的观察直升机飞行人员住院疾病谱特点,为新时期航卫保障提供参考依据。方法收集空军总医院2006年1月-2010年12月直升机飞行人员住院病历129例（240例次）,按疾病、专业及年龄与既往报道的歼击机飞行员资料比较。结果排在前10位的是颈腰椎病、头痛、高血压、胆囊息肉、地面晕厥、半月板损伤、心律失常、慢性胃炎、泌尿系结石、脑外伤等;直升机和歼击机飞行员住院疾病谱相比,空中晕厥分别为0.83%（2/240）和10.80%（159/1 472）（χ2=22.91,P〈0.01）,高血压分别为4.58%（11/240）和1.15%（17/1 472）（χ2=15.08,P〈0.01）,头痛分别为4.58%（11/240）和2.31%（34/1 472）（χ2=4.17,P〈0.05）;主要涉及骨科、神经科、耳鼻喉科和心血管内科;各年龄组均有住院者,25-29岁组占比高（25.58%）。结论与歼击机飞行员相比,直升机飞行员加速度耐力不良构成比低,高血压和头痛构成比高,颈腰椎病和地面晕厥在两组的构成比均高。

Disease spectrum in hospitalized helicopter aircrews

Objective To provide the evidence for aeromedical support in a new period by observing the disease spectrum of hospitalized helicopter aircrews.Methods Medical records of 129（240 cases/time） helicopter aircrews admitted to our hospital from 2006 to 2010 were collected and stratified according to their disease,involved specialty and age.The data were compared with the reported findings in pilots of fighters.Results The first 10 diseases in hospitalized helicopter aircrews were cervical and lumbar spine lesion,headache,hypertension,polyp in gallbladder,ground syncope,meniscus injury,arrhythmia,chronic gastritis,urinary calculus,cerebral trauma.Acceleration intolerance,hypertension,and headache accounted for 0.83%（2/240）and 10.80%（159/1 472）（χ2=22.91,P〈0.01）,4.58%（11/240） and 1.15%（17/1 472）（χ2=15.08,P〈0.01）,4.58%（11/240）and 2.31%（34/1 472）（χ2=4.17,P〈0.05）,respectively.Orthopedics,neurology,otorhinolaryngology and cardiovasology were the most involved specialties.Hospitalized aircrews were found in each age group,with the 25-29 age group accounted for 25.58%.Conclusion The percentage of acceleration intolerance is lower,while the percentages of hypertension and headache are higher in helicopter aircrews than in fighter pilots.The percentages of cervical and lumbar spine disorder,ground syncope are both high in two groups.