眼科专科医院病房医院感染相关因素的调查研究

目的为揭示眼科专科医院病房医院感染因素的相互关系,给预防和控制医院感染提供可靠依据. 方法对我中心1996～2002年住院患者94 013人,进行回顾性综合分析. 结果眼科专科医院医院感染率0.28%,不同年龄段患者医院感染率差异有显著性;医院感染部位以急性结膜炎居首位占 45.46%,其次是上呼吸道炎占36.36%,化脓性眼内炎占8.33%;感染急性结膜炎60%是中青年,感染上呼吸道炎73.96%是小儿,感染化脓性眼内炎68.18%是老年人;医院感染化脓性眼内炎主要为条件致病菌,以革兰阳性球菌为主要菌属;医院感染季节是以夏季最高占31.82%,其次是秋季占28.03%. 结论≤14岁的患者,是眼科医院感染的高危人群,感染季节分布以夏秋两季多发;医院感染以急性结膜炎居多,其次是上呼吸道炎;因此,加强医院感染管理和做好消毒隔离是预防和控制医院感染的重要措施.

Nosocomial Infections in Specialized Ophthalmic Hospital: Analysis of Correlated Factors

OBJECTIVE To analyze the correlated factors for nosocomial infections in specialized ophthalmic hospital and to provide reliable evidence on how to prevent and control nosocomial infections. METHODS A retrospective study was held on 94 013 inpatient cases to analyze the features, causes and seasons of nosocomial infections comprehensively. Of these patients, altogether 264 cases with nosocomial infections were identified. RESULTS The nosocomial infection rate in specialized ophthalmic hospital was 0.28%. The rate of infection between patients in different age groups was statistically significant. Acute conjunctivitis presented to be the most prevalent cause, composing 45.46% of all cases. Upper respiratory infection and infectious endophthalmitis ranked second and third, with infection rates of 36.36% and 8.33%, respectively. Sixty percent of infectious conjunctivitis occurred in young or middle aged patients and 73.96% of upper respiratory infection occurred in children, while 68.18% of endophthalmitis occurred in the senile population. The pathogens of nosocomial infectious endophthalmitis were mainly conditional pathogenic bacteria, with G + bacterial infection to be predominant. Most nosocomial infections occurred in summer, composing 31.82% and the number for autumn was 28.03%. CONCLUSIONS Patients aged no more than 14 years old are more prone to nosocomial infections, while summer or autumn is another high risk factor. Acute conjunctivitis is the most prevalent cause, followed by upper respiratory infection. Sterilization and isolation are important measures in preventing and controlling nosocomial infections.