Professional practice following regulatory change: An evaluation using principles of "Better Regulation" |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Pharmacy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland;2. School of Social Policy, Social Work & Social Justice, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland;3. Public Policy Research Centre, Hokkaido University, Japan;2. Ontario Pharmacy Evidence Network (OPEN), School of Pharmacy, University of Waterloo, 10 Victoria St S A, Kitchener, ON, N2G 1C5, Canada;1. College of Pharmacy, Center for Pharmaceutical Care Studies, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil;2. Centro Universitário Newton Paiva, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil;3. College of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil;1. Center for Medication Optimization, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA;2. UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, USA;3. Centre for Medicines Optimisation Research & Education, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust and UCL School of Pharmacy, UK;4. Centre for Medication Use and Safety, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Monash University, Australia;1. Royal Pharmaceutical Society, 66-68 E Smithfield, London E1W 1AW, United Kingdom;2. A.N. Brown Health Systems Strengthening Consultancy Pty Ltd, 121/54 Printers Way, Kingston, ACT, Australia;1. Center for Pharmacy Practice Innovation, Department of Pharmacotherapy & Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 N. 12th Street, Box 980533, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States;2. School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, 410 N. 12th Street, Box 980533, Richmond, VA, 23298, United States;3. Department of Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Howard University, 2300 4th St., NW, Washington, DC, 20059, United States;4. Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Department of Social-Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundThe provisions in place internationally to regulate the practice of healthcare professionals have undergone significant change. However, this changing regulatory environment as experienced by healthcare professionals in the practice setting has not to date been widely researched.ObjectiveTo describe the “lived experience” of pharmacists in community practice in Ireland of the model of regulation introduced by the Pharmacy Act 2007 and their perception of it as fulfilling the seven principles of “better regulation”: Necessity; Effectiveness/Targeted; Proportionality; Transparency; Accountability; Consistency and Agility.Method20 community pharmacists purposively selected, shared their lived experiences of the Act, as implemented in a semi-structured interview. A qualitative content analysis incorporating a framework analysis based on the seven principles of better regulation was used to analyze the data.ResultsThe Act and its implementation by the Pharmaceutical Society of Ireland (PSI) was not perceived by community pharmacists overall as fulfilling the principles of better regulation. While there was agreement that the Act was necessary, its implementation by the PSI was not viewed as being effective, targeted, proportional and consistent. The PSI was considered to act as a deterrence regulator that is not adequately transparent or accountable. The Act is not sufficiently agile to respond to changes in pharmacy practice.ConclusionCommunity pharmacists acknowledge the need for the Pharmacy Act but perceive that the PSI needs to adopt a more responsive approach to implementation if the Act is to be considered a model of better regulation. The study findings are of interest as there is little published research on how regulation is experienced by healthcare professionals who are subject to its provisions. The principles of better regulation provide an effective qualitative methodology to examine models of professional regulation based on the “lived experience” of regulatees. |
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| Keywords: | Healthcare professional Community pharmacist Implementation Lived experience Pharmacy law Regulation |
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