Association between chocolate consumption frequency and heart rate variability indices |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia;2. Al-Tibri Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan;1. Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 2, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovak Republic;2. Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic;3. Institute of Medical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Sasinkova 2, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovak Republic;4. Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewiczova 1, 813 71 Bratislava, Slovak Republic;1. Escola Superior de Saúde, Biociências, Meio Ambiente e Humanidades, Centro Universitário Internacional Uninter, Campus 13 de Maio, Rua 13 de maio, 538, CEP: 80510-030, Curitiba, PR, Brazil;2. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Interna, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Brasil, Rua XV de Novembro, 1299, Centro, CEP: 80060-000, Curitiba, PR, Brazil;3. Programa de Pós-Graduação, Centro Universitário Internacional Uninter, Campus 13 de Maio, Rua 13 de maio, 538, CEP: 80510-030, Curitiba, PR, Brazil;4. Escola de Saúde, Centro Universitário Autônomo do Brasil, Unibrasil, Rua Konrad Adenauer, 442, Tarumã, CEP: 82821-020, Curitiba, PR, Brazil;5. Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Av. General Rodrigo Octavio Jordão Ramos, 1200 - Coroado I, CEP: 69067-005, Manaus, AM, Brazil;6. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, UEPG, Av. General Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, Uvaranas, CEP: 84030-900, Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundPrevious studies have shown favorable effects of chocolate products on the cardiovascular system and reported an inverse relationship between chocolate consumption and adverse cardiac events; however, relationships between chocolate eating habits and heart rate variability have not yet been studied. The purpose of the present research was to determine the relationship, if any, between chocolate consumption frequency and heart rate variability.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out in a group of 98 young females (19–21 years old). The study included the evaluation of chocolate eating habits by a questionnaire and heart rate variability parameters by Finometer and Powerlab as primary outcomes along with measuring anthropometry, blood pressure and fasting blood sugar levels as predictors to account for potential confounding.ResultsThree chocolate eating patterns were distinguished: “No regular chocolate consumption (n:42), 2–4 servings/week (n:20), 5 or more servings/week (n:36)”. An ANOVA test revealed insignificant differences (p > 0.05) in heart rate variability parameters (time domain: Heart rate, RRms, SDNN, RMSSD; frequency domain: LF, HF, LF/HF) and pressures (systolic, diastolic, pulse, mean arterial) among three groups of individuals having different chocolate eating habits. Relative frequency of chocolate intake did not correlate with any of the cardiovascular, time-domain or frequency-domain parameters of heart rate variability in study participants.ConclusionBased on our results, we conclude that relative frequency of chocolate eating may not affect autonomic regulation of the heart in young females. Also, it may have no correlation with any of the cardiovascular, time-domain or frequency-domain parameters of heart rate variability. |
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