不同学习阶段护理专业学生心理健康状况的调查

背景:护理专业学生的心理健康状况不佳,影响了其学习和生活。目的:探讨不同学习阶段护理专业学生的心理健康状况。设计:以高校在读的护理专业学生为观察对象的整群分层抽样现况调查。单位:解放军第四军医大学护理系及基础部教学实验中心,西京医院康复理疗科。对象:于2004-12采用整群、分层抽样法抽取西安市护理专业中专、大专、本科三个层次不同学习阶段的学生515人作为观察对象。方法:采用症状自评量表进行团体问卷调查,症状自评量表共90个项目,包括躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性9个因子。每一个项目均采用“无症状”、“很轻”、“中等”、“偏重”、“严重”1～5级评分法。记录总症状分和9个症状因子分。总症状分越高,说明心理健康总体水平越低;某项因子分偏高,说明此项的心理卫生问题严重。所得资料用t检验进行统计学处理。主要观察指标:症状自评量表总症状分和9个症状因子分。结果:随机抽取的护理专业学生515人中5人因事未填写调查表,应答率为99.0%。收回合格问卷501份,有效率为98.2%。不同学习阶段护理专业学生的心理健康状况存在差异,三年制中专学生心理健康水平以一年级相对较低,三年级次之,二年级最好;三年制大专学生心理健康水平二年级相对较低,五年制本科学生心理健康水平三年级相对最低。症状自评量表的评分前3位的是强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁。结论:护理专业学生症状自评量表的评分,中专以一、三年级整体偏高,大专、本科均以中间学习阶段整体偏高;主要精神心理症状为强迫、人际关系敏感、抑郁;应依据不同学习阶段的心理特点加强对护理专业学生心理素质的培养。

Mental health status of nursing students at different studying stages

BACKGROUND: Poor mental health status of nursing students can affect their learning and living. OBJECTIVE: To explore mental health status of nursing students at different studying stages.DESIGN: Grouping stratified sampling survey on the basis of nursing students studying in higherschool.SETTING: Nursing Department of the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, Laboratory Center of Basic Faulty, and Department of Rehabilitative Physioltherapy of Xijing Hospital.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 515 nursing students at different studying stages of three educational levels (the technical secondary school level, junior college level and undergraduate level) were observed with grouping stratified sampling in December 2004.METHODS: Symptom checklist-90(SCL-90) was used for survey. SCL-90 contained 90 items, being interpreted in the context of nine symptom dimensions, including somatization, obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety, paranoid ideation, and psychoticism. Each item was scored from grade Ⅰ to grade Ⅴ (symptomless, mild, moderate, little severe, and severe). Scores of total items and 9 symptoms were recorded. The more the scores of total items were, the lower the total level of mental health was; the more the scores of any symptom was, the severer the symptom of mental health was. Data were analyzed with t test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Scores of total items and 9 symptoms. RESULTS: Totally 515 nursing students were randomly selected in this survey except 5 students because of uncompleted survey, and the response rate was 99.0%. There were 501 qualified questionnaires, which were accounted for 98.2%. Mental health status of nursing students at various stages was different: the score of nursing students in grade 1 and 3 was higher than that in grade 2 in technical secondary school; the score of nursing students was the highest in grade 2 in junior college; and the score of nursing students was the highest in grade 3 at undergraduate level. The order of SCL-90 scores was obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity and depression from high to low.CONCLUSION: SCL-90 scores of nursing students are high in grade 1and grade 3 at the technical secondary school level and also in middle grade at junior college level and undergraduate level. The main mental psychological symptoms are obsessive-compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity and depression. Psychological predisposition of nursing students should be cultured according to different psychological characteristics at various learning stages.