成人过敏性鼻炎危险因素的病例-对照研究

目的 探讨成人过敏性鼻炎的环境危险因素.方法 采用1:1配对的病例-对照流行病学研究设计,选择由北京大学人民医院耳鼻喉科确诊的100例过敏性鼻炎患者为病例;同时选择该院耳鼻喉科确诊的非过敏性鼻炎患者,以年龄(相差3岁以内)、性别(同性别)为配比变量,与病例1:1相匹配者为对照.通过问卷调查的方法收集两组人群的一般社会人口学特征、疾病健康状况、吸烟史、职业接触史、室内环境状况及家族史等信息.问卷的分析和统计采用单因素及多因素的条件Logistic回归分析.结果 病例组有花粉过敏史者患过敏性鼻炎的危险性高于对照组,且有统计学意义(OR=2.04,95%CI:1.31～3.20),母亲有过敏性鼻炎增加其子女过敏性鼻炎发生的可能性(OR=2.05,95%CI:1.03～4.07),病例组职业接触粉尘率高于对照组,且有统计学意义(OR=1.46,95%CI:0.83～2.57),成人过敏性鼻炎患者居室内开窗频率低于对照组,且有统计学意义(OR=0.70,95%CI:0.34～1.18).结论 职业接触粉尘、母亲有过敏性鼻炎、花粉过敏史、开窗频率低可能是成人过敏性鼻炎的主要危险因素,与成人过敏性鼻炎的发生有一定的联系.

A Paired Case-Control Study on Risk Factors of Allergic Rhinitis in Adults

Objective To understand the risk factors of allergic rhinitis in adults. Methods Using 1:1 paired matching case-control study design, 100 pairs of adults allergic rhinitis patients and the relevant controls from the E.N.T. department of Renmin Hospital of Peking University were recruited. Cases and controls were interviewed face to face using a designed health questionnaire in which the general social demographic characters, disease history, smoking history, occupation, indoor environmental situation and family genetic history were included. The questionnaires were analyzed by signal and multiple regression model of SPSS software. Results Allergic rhinitis was associated with the pollen allergic history (OR=2.04,95%CI: 1.31-3.20), occupational exposure to dust was a risk factor of allergic rhinitis (OR=1.46, 95%CI:0.83-2.57), the mother allergic rhinitis history could increase the risk of their off-springs suffering from allergic rhinitis(OR=2.05, 95%CI:1.03-4.07) and keeping ventilation could significantly decrease the risk suffering from allergic rhinitis(OR=0.70, 95%CI:0.34-1.18). Conclusion The occupational dust exposure, pollen allergy and mother allergic rhinitis history are related to allergic rhinitis in adults. Keeping ventilation may be a protective factor of allergic rhinitis in adults.