某焦化厂恶性肿瘤死亡的回顾性队列研究

[目的]了解职业有害因素对某焦化厂工人恶性肿瘤死亡的影响。[方法]对该焦化厂工人疾病死因进行14年(1988～2001年)回顾性队列分析，以上海市人口的肿瘤死亡率作为标准对照，计算标准化死亡率比(SMR)及其95％可信区间(95％CI)。[结果]①队列观察期间共死亡．463人，粗死亡率516．08／10万，其中恶性肿瘤死亡173人，占全死因37．37％，其他依次为血管系统疾病、呼吸系统疾病、损伤和中毒等。②炼焦工作区男性职工肺癌和膀胱癌SMR分别为2．77和8．03；副产品工作区男性职工胃癌和白血病．SMR分别为1．89和4．14。累计工龄超过20年以上的炼焦工作区男性职工肺癌SMR为2．84；副产品工作区男性职工肺癌和胃癌SMR分别为2．13和2．05；传输工作区男性职工胃癌SMR为2．92。[结论]该焦化厂职业危害因素有使男性职工恶性肿瘤死亡率增高的趋势，但需在控制职业和非职业因素的情况下作更深入的研究。

A Retrospective Cohort Study on the Death Cause of Malignant Neoplasm in a Coke and Chemical Plant

[Objective] In order to study the effects of occupational hazards on the malignant neoplasm death cause of workers in Shanghai Coke & Chemical Plant. [Methods] A retrospective cohort study was carried out for the death cause of workers in the coke and chemical plant for a period of 14 years(1988-2001), mortality analyses were based on standardized mortality ratios(SMRs) and 95%CI confidence intervals(95%CIs) using the general population of Shanghai as a reference. [Results] (1) During the follow-up period,463 workers died with total crude death rates of 516.08 per 100,000 person-years.173 workers died from malignant neoplasm,constituting of 37.37% of the all-death cause,followed by vascular diseases, respiratory diseases, injuries and poisoning,etc.(2) SMRs for lung cancer and bladder cancer in male workers of coke oven work area were 2.77 and 8.03 respectively;SMRs for stomach cancer and leukemia in male workers of by-product work area were 1.89 and 4.14 respectively. Among male workers with more than 20 years of work tenure, SMRs for lung cancer in workers of coke oven work area was 2.84;SMRs for lung cancer and stomach cancer in workers of by-product work area were 2.13 and 2.05 respectively; SMRs for stomach cancer in workers of transport work area was 2.92. [Conclusion] Results suggest that the increased mortality might be related to occupational exposure to the coke and chemical process. However,further study under controlling the factors of other occupational exposure and non-occupational exposure is necessary.