MIC and other NKG2D ligands: from none to too many |
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| Authors: | Bahram Seiamak Inoko Hidetoshi Shiina Takashi Radosavljevic Mirjana |
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| Institution: | 1. Centre de Recherche d’Immunologie et d’Hématologie, Faculté de Médecine and Laboratoire Central d’Immunologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, 4 rue Kirschleger, 67085 Strasbourg Cedex, France;2. Departments of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1143, Japan;1. Organ Transplant Research Section, Department of Comparative Medicine, MBC03, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia;2. Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Str.1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany;1. Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey;2. Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Faculty, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey;3. Department of Pediatric Allergy, Medical Faculty, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey;4. Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey;5. Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey;1. CONICET – Argentine National Research Council, INQUISUR – Chemistry Institute, Bahía Blanca 8000, IAM – Argentine Institute of Mathematics, Buenos Aires 1083, Argentina;2. AF Innovation, Avenida del Libertador 1092, Buenos Aires 1112, Argentina;3. Collegium Basilea, Institute for Advanced Study, Hochstrasse 51, Basel 4056, Switzerland;1. Department of Hepatic Surgery, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China;2. Department of Interventional Radiology, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China;3. Department of Clinical Database, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China;4. Clinical Laboratory, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China;5. Cell Engineering Research Center, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi''an, China;6. Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, First Affiliated and Mengchao Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China;7. Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, West China Hospital, West China School of Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China;8. National Centre for Liver Cancer, Key Laboratory of Signaling Regulation and Targeting Therapy of Liver Cancer of the Ministry of Education of China, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Tumor Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China;9. Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Area, China;1. Departments of Viral Immunobiology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland;2. Departments of Neuroinflammation, Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland;3. Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal (IRCM), Montréal, QC;4. School of Cancer Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | NKG2D, a prime activatory receptor on human NK, CD8(+) alphabeta and gammadelta cells, has a variety of ligands, which, despite sharing membership of the MHC class I structural club, display an array of unique features. Chronologically, human MIC molecules were the first NKG2D ligands to be identified. Then came RAET1 (ULBP) molecules, which were identified in both man and mouse, as well as H60 and MULT1, which have no counterparts in man to date. The question remains as to why, more than how, the evolutionary conserved, apparently monomorphic, single copy, NKG2D, can/should adapt to this variety of ligands, and when it does, what is the evolutionary advantage of this profusion of ligands for a single receptor? |
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