In Vivo Blood Velocity Vector Imaging Using Adaptive Velocity Compounding in the Carotid Artery Bifurcation |
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| Institution: | 2. Physics of Fluid Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, and MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands;2. Department of Radiological Technology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan;3. Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan;4. Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan;5. Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan;2. Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Japan;3. Imaging Technology Center, R & D Management Headquarters, Fujifilm Corporation, Tokyo, Japan;4. Hirota Surgical Pathology Institute, Shimotsuke, Japan;5. Saiseikai Rikuzentakata Clinic, Rikuzentakata, Japan;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy;3. Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy;4. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy;5. Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Visualization and quantification of blood flow are considered important for early detection of atherosclerosis and patient-specific diagnosis and intervention. As conventional Doppler imaging is limited to 1-D velocity estimates, 2-D and 3-D techniques are being developed. We introduce an adaptive velocity compounding technique that estimates the 2-D velocity vector field using predominantly axial displacements estimated by speckle tracking from dual-angle plane wave acquisitions. Straight-vessel experiments with a 7.8-MHz linear array transducer connected to a Verasonics Vantage ultrasound system revealed that the technique performed with a maximum velocity magnitude bias and angle bias of –3.7% (2.8% standard deviation) and –0.16° (0.41° standard deviation), respectively. In vivo, complex flow patterns were visualized in two healthy and three diseased carotid arteries and quantified using a vector complexity measure that increased with increasing wall irregularity. This measure could potentially be a relevant clinical parameter which might aid in early detection of atherosclerosis. |
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