重症监护病房医院感染情况分析及预防措施

目的了解重症监护病房（ICU）医院感染的特点及危险因素，以制定有效预防和控制医院感染的制度及措施。方法采取目标性监测的方法，对2007年1—12月所有收住的患者的临床资料进行监测及分析。结果1327例ICU患者发生医院感染73例（5．50％），120例次（9．04％）。医院感染部位以下呼吸道为主，病原菌以革兰阴性菌居多。结论ICU医院感染率高，是医院感染管理的重点部门，加强病房管理，做好呼吸机等相关医疗用品的消毒灭菌，合理使用抗菌药物等均是预防ICU感染的有效措施。

Analysis of nosoeomial infection and preventive measures in intensive care unit

Objective To investigate characteristics and risk factors of nosoeomial infection in intensive care units to constitute systems and measures for preventing and controlling nosoeomial infection effectively. Methods Objective monitoring method was adopted to monitor and analyse clinical data of all accepted patients from January to December of 2007. Results 73 patients （ accounting for 5.50% ） and 120 casetimes （ accounting for 9.04% ） of 1327 ICU patients generated nosoeomial infection. Hospital infection took lower respiratory tracts as main parts and most pathogens were gram-negative bacteria. Conclusions ICU has high nosoeomial infection rate and is the key department of nosoeomial infection management. Effective measures for preventing ICU infection comprise： intensifying ward management, disinfecting and sterilizing related medical articles such as respirators and the like, using antimicrobial agents rationally, and the like.