药品价格问题的研究概述

目的：掌握药品费用的增长情况及价格变化、生产成本及流通环节利润分配等情况，为药品价格管理的改革和完善提供依据。方法：采用回顾性抽样调查的方法，对1995－2002年全国临床使用量大的药品价格进行调查，同时对1999年全国18个省市80个制药厂家的生产经营状况、20个省市48家药品批发企业的利润及相关影响因素等进行了分析。结果：20世纪90年代中国药品费用的增长速度在10％以上，高于GDP的增长速度。药品价格指数平均高于总物价指数，药品生产的完全成本占其零售价格的54％。结论：我国药品价格可以认为是适宜的，但流通环节分占了太多利润，使制药行业缺乏充足的研究开发资金。

A brief account of research on the prices of drugs

Objective To find out about the increase in the expenses of drugs as well as the changes of prices, manufacturing costs, and the distribution of profits in the manufacturing process so as to provide basis for the reform and perfection of the control of drug prices. Methods Using the method of retrospective sampling, investigations were made into the prices of drugs extensively used clinically throughout the country from 1995 to 2002 and analyses were conducted into the manufacturing and operating status of 80 pharmaceutical companies in 18 provinces of the nation and profits and other relevant influencing factors in 48 drug wholesaling enterprises in 20 provinces of the nation in 1999. Results The increment speed of the expenses of drugs in the 90s of the 20 th century in China was above 10%, higher than the increment speed of the GDP; the price index of drugs was on overage higher than the general price index; and the complete manufacturing costs of drugs accounted for 54% of their retail prices. Conclusion The prices of drugs in China might be regarded as appropriate, and yet too large an amount of profits goes into the process of circulation, resulting in insufficient funds for the pharmaceutical industry to conduct research and development.