聋婴幼儿助听后的认知、交流及言语发育

目的探索聋婴幼儿助听后的认知、交流与言语发育的特征。方法将确诊为先天性重度聋的婴幼儿39例分为A组（20例,8个月以前开始助听）和B组（19例,8个月以后开始助听）。通过数字摄像机对受试儿童的行动、交流方式及发声进行录音和录像。对两组适应助听器和注视交流成立所需的时间,手指发声及其他言语发育的出现时间等作了统计学分析,并对两组的发声进行了声谱分析。结果适应助听器所需时间、注视交流成立所需时间和手指发声出现时间：A组分别为（0．5±0．2）个月,（0．6±0．2）个月和（12．1±2．1）个月;B组分别为：（2．3±0.5）个月,（2．2±0．3）个月和（16．1±4．5）个月;各项成绩A组优于B组,两组间的差异均有统计学意义。从言语发育分析,两组间过渡喃语出现时间的差异无统计学意义,标准喃语和有意语出现时间的差异有统计学意义。结论早期助听具有适应助听器时间短、易于形成注视交流、手指发声出现早和言语发育良好等特点;提示早期和有效的助听,是激发认知发育和促进言语发育的前提。

Development of cognition, communication, and vocalization in hearing impaired infants fitted with hearing aids

OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics of development of cognition, communication, and vocalization in congenitally hearing impaired infants with hearing aids. METHODS: Hearing aids were fitted to 39 congenitally hearing impaired infants: 20 of them were fitted with the hearing aids before the age of 8 months (Group A), and 19 of them after the age of 8 months (Group B). Digital video camera was used to record the action, communication, and vocalization of the children. RESULTS: The time needed to be adaptable to the hearing aids of Group A was (0.5+/-0.2) months, significantly shorter than that of Group B [(2.2+/-0.3) months, P<0.01]. The time needed to establish communication by eyes was (0.6+/-0.2) months in Group A, significantly shorter than that in Group B [(2.3+/-0.5) months, P<0.01]. The time needed to present canonical babbling, communication by pointing behaviors, and meaningful words of Group A were (15.0+/-1.8) months, (12.1+/-2.1) months, and (17.3+/-2.2) months respectively, all stigmatically shorter than those of Group B [(23.2+/-8.0) months, (16.1+/-4.5) months, and (32.6+/-10.9) months respectively, all P<0.05)]. However, the time needed to present pre-canonical babbling of Group A was (4.3+/-0.5) months, not significantly different from that of Group B [(4.8+/-0.6) months, P>0.05]. CONCLUSION: Using the hearing aids early and validly helps acquire good development of cognizance and speech in hearing impaired infants.