儿童气质特点的跨文化比较

目的探讨中美儿童气质的跨文化差异。方法应用Carey的儿童气质系列问卷，比较中国1个月～12岁儿童与美国同龄儿童的气质特点。结果中国儿童与美国儿童相比活动量小，适应性和反应强度在3岁以后显得较弱，趋避性在7岁之前显得较容易接近或与美国儿童相似．但8岁以后较退缩，情绪本质在1岁以后相近或更积极，坚持性基本相近，8～12岁儿童的可预见性／组织性较低。结论儿童气质特点从出生后就表现出跨种族和文化的差异，这种差异与内在遗传性和后天的养育方式有关．中国家长应注意维护儿童气质特点的先天长处，鼓励儿童发展独立性和社会适应性。

The cross-culture comparative study of children temperament

Objective To study the cross-culture differences in temperament between Chinese and American children. Methods Compare the Chinese children's temperament from one-month to twelve years with the same aged. American children by the Carey's series temperament questionnaires. Results Comparing with American children, the Chinese childrens activity, and adaptability as well as responsive intensity are lower after three years old, but higher in withdrawal after eight years old, more in active mood after one year old, but persistenceis is similar, and predictability is lower. Conclusion The temperament traits in children shows cross-culture differences since birth. These differences are influenced by both inherent heredity and parenting styles. The Chinese parents should keep up their children's heredity advantages in temperament and encourage their children's independence and social adaptation.