异种肾移植：生理学研究的现状及发展趋势

器官移植是治疗各类终末期器官疾病最有效的手段，为了解决器官移植中供者短缺的问题，人们开始探究异种移植。目前人们普遍关注异种移植排斥反应及病毒感染相关的问题，在异种肾移植生理学方面的研究较少。肾脏通过产生促红细胞生成素（EPO）、肾素，激活维生素D来执行内分泌功能。虽然这些途径在同种移植中通常保存良好，但物种特有的差异，特别是猪和非人灵长类动物之间的差异，仍然可能会影响移植器官的生理机能。本文尝试从猪与人的EPO、肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统（RAAS）、有活性的维生素D₃等在异种移植后的作用变化等方面进行阐述，旨在为异种移植亚临床研究提供参考。

Kidney xenotransplantation: status quo and development trend of physiological research

Organ transplantation is the most effective treatment for all categories of end-stage organ diseases. To resolve the shortage of donors in organ transplantation, widespread attention has been diverted to xenotransplantation. At present, clinicians mainly highlight the problems related to xenotransplantation rejection and viral infection. The physiology of xenotransplantation has been rarely studied. Kidney performs endocrine function by producing erythropoietin (EPO), renin and activating vitamin D. Although these pathways are usually well preserved in allogeneic transplantation, species-specific differences, especially those between pigs and non-human primates, may still affect the physiological function of transplant organs. In this article, the changes of EPO, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and active vitamin D3 of pig and human after xenotransplantation were illustrated, aiming to provide reference for subclinical research of xenotransplantation.