嘉兴市城区空气微生物污染状况调查

目的 观察嘉兴市城区空气微生物污染状况。方法 于2002年9月30日-10月29日在嘉兴市中心某采样点进行为期30天的空气采样，每天3次，采样高度为距地面1.5m处。用中国科学院生态中心推荐使用的空气微生物评价标准评价空气微生物污染状况。结果 空气细菌和霉菌计数分别为568-4630cfu/m^3和507-5347cfu/m^3，分别占空气微生物总数的47．4％和52．6％。霉菌包括耐高渗透压霉菌(37.9％)和马丁霉菌(14.7％)。细菌的优势菌株为芽胞杆菌(37.6％)和葡萄球菌(36．4％)，耐高渗透压霉菌和马丁霉菌的优势菌株均为青霉属(62．5％、61％)。细菌以G^ 菌为主(占77．8％)。空气样本中，耐高渗透压霉菌和马丁霉菌含量达污染级以上分别为66．7％和20％。结论 嘉兴市城区空气微生物污染尤其是霉菌的污染较重。

An Investigation on Air Pollution of Microorganism in the City of Jiaxin

Objective To investigate the air pollution of microorganism in the City of Jiaxin. Methods Air sampling was carried out at the height of 1.5m above the ground in a certain place in urban area of Jiaxin, 3 times a day from Sept. 30 to Oct. 29 in 2002. The samples were assessed on the basis of the standards for evaluation of air microorganism which was recommended by Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Science. Results The counts of bacteria and fungi were 5684630cfu/m3 and 5075347cfu/m3 respectively, which were 47.4% and 52.6% of the total count of air microorganism respectively. Fungi consisted of Martin's fungi (14.7%) and high osmotic pressure resistant fungi (37.9% ) . The dominant strains were Bacillus (37.6% ) and Staphylococcus (36.4% ) for bacteria, Penicillium (62.5% , 61%) for high osmotic pressure - resistant fungi and Martin's fungi respectively. 77.8% of bacterial strains were gram -positive bacteria. The percentage of air samples with pollution grade or higher pollution grades were 20% for Marin's fungi and 66.7 % for high osmotic pressure-resistant fungi respectively. Conclusions Air pollution of microorganism, especially fungi pollution is a severe problem in Jiaxin city.