274例住院低出生体重儿和极低出生体重儿患病病种分析

目的:探讨住院低出生体重儿(LBW I)、极低出生体重儿(VLBW I)的患病病种,以便更好地预防、诊治及护理。方法:回顾性分析274例住院LBW I、VLBW I病种。结果:LBW I、VLBW I患儿患病病种分别为肺炎(98.1%)、缺氧缺血性脑病(H IE,69.7%)、酸碱失衡(47.1%)、病理性黄疸(43.8%)、新生儿硬肿症(43.1%)、血糖异常(26.6%)、电解质紊乱(22.3%)、颅内出血(21.5%)、呼吸暂停(14.2%)、败血症(12.8%)、缺氧缺血性心肌损害(11.3%)、应激性溃疡(8.0%)、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(3.6%)、新生儿坏死性小肠结肠炎(3.3%)。VLBW I组颅内出血、低体温、应激性溃疡、低钾血症、低钠血症、低镁血症、呼吸暂停、肺透明膜病、肺出血、肾功能衰竭的发病率分别为41.5%、48.8%、19.5%、17.1%、9.8%、7.3%、34.1%、12.2%、7.3%、4.9%,均高于LBW I组(P<0.05)。结论:LBW I、VLBW I患病病种繁多、病情危重,以肺炎、H IE为主,VLBW更易发生颅内出血、低体温、应激性溃疡、电解质紊乱、呼吸系统疾病,是住院期间应密切诊治及护理的重点。

The analysis of disease category in 274 cases of low birth weight or very low birth weight hospitalized infants

Objective:To explore the disease category of low birth weight(LBWI) or very low birth weight(VLBWI) infants for right diagnosis,treatment and better nursing.Methods:274 cases LBWI,VLBWI and VLBWI infants in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively.Results:The main disease in LBWI and VLBWI infants were pneumonia(98.1%),hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE,69.7%),acid-base imbalance(47.1%),pathological jaundice(43.8%),sclerema neonatorum(43.1%),blood sugar abnormality(26.6%),electrolyte imbalance(22.3%),intracranial hemorrhage(21.5%),apnea(14.2%),sepsis(12.8%),hypoxic ischemic heart dysfunction(11.3%),stress Ulcer(8.0%),neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(3.6%),neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis(3.3%) Comparing to the LBWI group,the prevalence rate of intracranial hemorrhage,hypothermin,stress Ulcer,hypokalemia,hyponatriumia,hypomagnesiumia,apnea,hyaline membrane disease,Pulmonary hemorrhage and renal failure were 41.5%,48.8%,19.5%,17.1%,9.8%,7.3%,34.1%,12.2%,7.3%,4.9% respectively in the BLBWI group,(P<0.05).Conclusion:The disease category in LBWI and VLBWI were various and serious,with pneumonia and HIE accounting for a major percentage.The intracranial hemorrhage,stress Ulcer,electrolyte imbalance,disease of respiratory system in VLBWI,should be put in the focal point in diagnosis,therapy and mursing during hospitalized.