上海市嘉定区社区老年人的失能现状及其影响因素

目的  了解上海市嘉定区老年人的失能现状并分析其影响因素，为老年人失能防控和健康老龄化建设提供科学依据。方法  采用多阶段随机抽样方法，选取≥60岁的嘉定区户籍老年人群作为调查对象，采用世界卫生组织研发的自报健康调查量表测量老年人失能情况；应用多因素Logistic回归分析模型及列线图分析老年人失能的影响因素。结果  共调查老年人4 773人，其中失能老人495人，失能率为11.4%，女性的失能率(13.6%)高于男性(8.9%)。老年人自我评价在认知记忆、视力辨认、疼痛不适、睡眠及活动行走这五方面存在更多的失能，失能率分别为31.7%、23.0%、21.6%、20.4%和13.6%。多因素分析结果显示，年龄大、自评健康较差、患2种及以上慢性病的老年人失能率较高(均有P＜0.05)；每周体育锻炼、饮酒的老年人失能率较低(均有P＜0.05)。结论  嘉定区社区老年人失能率较高。应加强慢性病管理，关注老年人的不同照护需求，开展针对性的早期预防和干预。

Disability status and its influencing factors of the elderly in Jiading District,Shanghai

  Objective  To investigate the status and its influencing factors of disability among the elderly population in Jiading District, Shanghai, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of disability and the construction of healthy aging.  Methods  A multi-stage random sampling method was used to select the elderly population aged ≥60 years old in Jiading District. The World Health Survey scale conducted by WHO was used to measure the disability of the elderly. Multivariate Logistic regression model and nomogram were used to analyze the influencing factors of disability.  Results  A total of 4 773 elderly people were investigated, including 495 disabled elderly people, with a disability rate of 11.4%. The disability rate was higher in women (13.6%) than that in men (8.9%). The elderly had more disability in cognitive memory (31.7%), visual recognition (23.0%), pain and discomfort (21.6%), sleep (20.4%) and walking (13.6%). Multivariate analysis showed that aging, poor self-rated health and with two or more chronic diseases were associated with higher rates of disability (all P < 0.05). Weekly physical exercises and drinking were associated with lower rates of disability (all P < 0.05).  Conclusions  The disability rate of the elderly in Jiading District is high. The government should strength the chronic disease management, pay attention to the different care needs of the elderly, and carry out targeted early prevention and intervention.