Leading Article Biologicals & Immunologicals: Immunological adjuvants: Mechanisms of action and clinical applications

Adjuvants are a neglected aspect of vaccine formulations, prudent choice of which can enhance the immune response both quantitatively and qualitatively. This review details the evolution and current range of adjuvants, particularly those in clinical trials. The components of different adjuvants are outlined and the manner in which they are thought to work is discussed. Antigen processing is an essential requirement of any immune response and these mechanisms are discussed in the context of adjuvant action.