肿瘤型人工关节重建下肢骨肉瘤切除后的骨缺损

目的总结应用肿瘤型人工关节重建下肢骨肉瘤切除后骨缺损的效果及并发症。方法1997年7月~2004年7月共对167例下肢骨肉瘤实施广泛性切除后人工假体重建保肢术,100例获得随访。其中男56例,女44例。年龄13~57岁。股骨近端5例,股骨远端57例,胫骨近端38例。Enneking分期A期3例,B期85例,期12例。使用国产假体71例,进口假体29例。17例患者采用灭活肿瘤骨结合人工假体复合重建缺损,21例采用异体骨人工关节复合体,余62例采用人工假体进行重建。所有成骨肉瘤患者术前均行1~2个疗程规范化疗,术后3~5个疗程化疗。术后采用MSTS保肢评分系统对随访患者进行功能评价。结果所有患者获随访1~8年,中位随访时间3.5年。人工关节3年生存率为81.8%,5年生存率为65%。6例假体折断,13例假体迟发性感染,2例假体松动,5例移植物与宿主骨接合处不愈合,2例异体骨吸收,2例假体下沉,1例骨折。7例于术后6个月~2年内肿瘤局部复发,其中软组织肿瘤复发4例,接受肿瘤再切除治疗;另3例接受截肢手术。患者MSTS评分平均为23.30±5.17。肢体功能优62例,良27例,中7例,差4例,优良率为89%。结论与其他保肢重建方法比较,肿瘤型人工关节能保留最好的关节功能。但并发症发生率仍较高,人工关节的设计及加工有待于进一步改进。

ENDOPROSTHETIC RECONSTRUCTION AFTER WIDE RESECTION OF SARCOMA IN LOWER EXTREMITIES

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical outcome of the limb salvage surgery and complications occurring in the lower extremities after a wide resection of sarcoma. METHODS: A total of 167 patients underwent a limb-sparing procedure by means of the implantation of a custom-made or modular tumor endoprosthesis from July 1997 to July 2004. Of the 167 patients, 100 were followed up, including 56 males and 44 females, with their ages ranging from 13 to 57 years at surgery. In 5 patients, a proximal femur prosthesis was implanted; in 57 patients, a distal femur prosthesis was implanted; and in 38 patients, a proximal tibia prosthesis was implanted. According to the Enneking staging, 3 patients were grouped in the stage of II A, 85 in I B, and 12 in III. Seventy-one patients used a domestic prosthesis, and 29 patients used a prosthesis made in Link Company, Germany. For the reconstruction, 17 patients used an autograft prosthesis composite, 21 patients used the allograft prosthesis composite, and the remaining 62 patients used an artificial prosthesis. All the patients received chemotherapy for 1-2 courses and 3-5 courses before operation and after operation, respectively. After operation, The Musculoskeletal Tumor Society(MSTS) score was used to evaluate the recovery of their corresponding functions. RESULTS: According to the follow-up for 1-8 years, with a median of 3.5 years, and the assessment by the Kaplan-Meier estimate, the 3-year survival rate of the prostheses was 81.8%, and the 5-year survival rate was 65%. As for the complications, prosthesis breakage occurred in 6 patients, periprosthesis infection in 13 patients, aseptic loosening in 2 patients, non-union between the host bone and graft bone in 5 patients, allograft absorption in 2 patients, prosthesis sinking in 2 patient, and periprosthesis fracture in 1 patient. Local recurrence developed in 7 patients within 6 months to 2 years after operation. Of the 7 patients, 4 had a recurrence of the soft tissue tumor for which resection was performed; the other 3 patients underwent amputation of the diseased limb. The mean MSTS score was 23. 30 +/- 5.17, with an excellent limb function in 62 patients, good in 27 patients, fair in 7 patients, and poor in 4 patients. The overall excellent and good function was obtained in 89% of the patients. CONCLUSION: We conclude that tumor prostheses can give a satisfactory functional outcome after the tumor around the knee is removed; however, the tumor prostheses still need to be further improved because of a high complication rate.