Smoking and smoking cessation during early pregnancy and its effect on adverse pregnancy outcomes and fetal growth |
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Authors: | Constantine I Vardavas Leda Chatzi Evridiki Patelarou Estel Plana Katerina Sarri Anthony Kafatos Antonis D Koutis Manolis Kogevinas |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, PO Box?2208, Heraklion, 71003, Crete, Greece 2. Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain 3. Municipal Institute of Medical Research (IMIM-Hospital del Mar), Barcelona, Spain 4. CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract: | Maternal smoking during pregnancy is a significant threat to the fetus. We examined the association between active maternal
smoking and smoking cessation during early pregnancy with newborn somatometrics and adverse pregnancy outcomes including preterm
delivery, low birth weight, and fetal growth restriction. One thousand four hundred mother–child pairs with extensive questionnaire
data were followed up until delivery, within the context of a population-based mother–child cohort study (Rhea study), in
Crete, Greece, 2007–2008. Comparing smokers to nonsmokers, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 2.8 95% confidence interval (CI),
1.7, 4.6] for low birth weight and 2.6 (95%CI: 1.6, 4.2) for fetal growth restriction. This corresponded to a 119-g reduction
in birth weight, a 0.53-cm reduction in length, and a 0.35-cm reduction in head circumference. Smoking cessation early during
pregnancy modified significantly these pregnancy outcomes indicating the necessity for primary smoking prevention. |
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