低频重复经颅磁刺激对脑梗死患者神经功能恢复的影响

目的 观察低频重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)对脑梗死患者神经功能恢复的影响.方法 共选取30例脑梗死偏瘫患者,采用随机数字表法将其分为健侧刺激组、患侧刺激组及对照组(每组10例),各组患者均给予常规药物治疗,患侧刺激组及健侧刺激组在此基础上分别对患侧或健侧脑皮质M1区进行rTMS治疗,持续治疗10 d.分别于治疗前、治疗后10 d及40 d时对各组患者进行疗效评定,采用美国国立卫生院神经功能缺损评分(NIHSS)、改良巴氏指数(MBI)对患者神经功能及日常生活活动(ADL)能力进行评定,同时检测各组患侧脑区运动诱发电位(MEP)潜伏期及中枢运动传导时间(CMCT);另外每组各随机挑选3例患者检测治疗前及治疗后40 d时的磁共振波谱(MRS)数据,对各组氮-乙酰天门冬氨酸/肌酸比值(NAA/Cr)进行比较.结果 健侧刺激组及患侧刺激组NIHSS及MBI评分均较治疗前及对照组明显改善,且以健侧刺激组的改善幅度相对较显著,与患侧刺激组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);各组患者MEP潜伏期及CMCT均较治疗前有一定程度改善,其中健侧刺激组CMCT在治疗后10 d及40 d时均显著优于对照组及患侧刺激组;健侧刺激组及患侧刺激组NAA/Cr比值均较对照组明显提高.结论 低频rTMS治疗能提高急性期脑梗死患者皮质兴奋性及ADL能力,缓解神经元受损程度;刺激健侧或患侧脑半球M1区均对脑梗死患者神经受损功能恢复具有促进作用,并且以刺激健侧脑半球的疗效相对较显著.

Abstract：

Objective To study the effect of low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the recovery of neural function in patients with cerebral infarction.Methods Thirty cerebral infarction patients with hemiparalysis were divided randomly into three groups: unaffected side stimulation group ( 1Hz rTMS on M1 area of unaffected hemisphere, n = 10), affected side stimulation group ( 1Hz rTMS on M1 area of affected hemisphere, n = 10), and control group without rTMS, n = 10).All the groups were assessed with their motor function and ADL scores ( NIHSS, MBI) and corticospinal excitability (MEP, CMCT ) before and after 10 and 40 days of treatment.Three patients were chosen randomly in each group who accepted magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) examination before and after 40 days of treatment and assessed with regard to the ratio of N-acetyl aspartate/creating(NAA/Cr).Results Before treatment the scores of National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), modified Barthel Index( MBI), Motor evoked potential (MEP) and central motor conduction time (CMCT) were not statistically different among the three groups ( P > 0.05 ).After treatment, scores of NIHSS and MBI were obviously higher than those before treatment (P < 0.01 ) in rTMS groups no matter the rTMS was applied on the affected or unaffected hemisphere.However, the score in unaffected side stimulation group was higher than that in the affected side stimulation group ( P < 0.05 ).The MEP latency and CMCT was significantly shorter after treatment in all the stimulation groups, with the unaffected side stimulation group improved to a significantly greater extent, in terms of MEP latency and CMCT than the affected side stimulation and control groups at the 10th d and 40th d of treatment(P <0.05 or P <0.01 ).There was a significantly higher ratio of NAA/Cr in two rTMS treatment groups compared with control group.Conclusion Low frequency rTMS on M1 of the unaffected or affected hemisphere can both improve neural function in patients with acute cerebral infarction, rTMS on unaffected hemisphere seems more effective than that on affected hemisphere.

Effect of low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on the recovery of neural function in patients with cerebral infarction