秦皇岛近海域海产品中铅、镉、汞和无机砷污染状况及食用风险评价

目的 研究秦皇岛近海域海产品重金属铅（Pb）、镉（Cd）、汞（Hg）以及无机砷污染现状，评价其食用健康风险。方法 2018年4 - 5月采集本市所产的海产鱼类、软体类和甲壳类共3类50份，采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP - MS），高效液相色谱 - 电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（HPLC - ICP - MS）进行分析测定，并采用国家标准限量法、单因子污染指数法、内梅罗污染指数法以及食用健康风险指标对检测结果进行评价。结果 被调查的海产品中Pb、Cd 、Hg和无机砷含量高低排序为软体类＞甲壳类＞海水鱼类，其总体合格率为96%；不同污染物在海产品中产生的健康风险大小为Cd＞无机砷＞Hg＞Pb；不同类别海产品污染程度和食用健康风险大小为软体类＞甲壳类＞海水鱼类。结论 秦皇岛近海域海产品中Cd和无机砷处于轻度污染水平；健康风险模型结果表明秦皇岛近海域海产品食用健康风险处于可接受范围之内，尚未出现明显的污染安全问题，但软体类海产品中Cd和无机砷残留状况值得进一步关注。

Safety evaluation of lead,cadmium, mercury and inorganic arsenic pollution in seafood in the offshore area of Qinhuangdao

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the pollution status of lead, cadmium, mercury and inorganic arsenic in seafood in Qinhuangdao coastal areas, so as to evaluate human health risks for consumption of the seafood. Methods A total of 50 samples (three classes of marine fishes, mollusks and crustaceans) were collected from April to May in 2018, and determined by ICP-MS and HPLC- ICP-MS. The results were evaluated by the national standard limit method, the method of single factor pollution index, Nemero pollution index method and health risk assessment indicators. Results The contents of lead, cadmium, mercury and inorganic arsenic in mollusks were the highest, followed by crustaceans, while they were lowest in marine fishes. The overall qualified rate was 96%. The health risk assessment results showed that cadmium was the most severe pollutions, followed by inorganic arsenic and mercury, while lead was the least severe. The pollution degree and health risk of sea foods were mollusks > crustaceans > marine fishes. Conclusion Cadmium and inorganic arsenic in marine products near Qinhuangdao were lightly polluted. The health risk assessment indicated that edible health risks in seafood in the offshore area of Qinhuangdao were within the acceptable range, and there was no obvious pollution safety problem. However, the residual status of cadmium and inorganic arsenic in soft seafood was worthy of further attention.