成都市学龄儿童膳食模式与超重肥胖的关系研究

目的 探讨成都市学龄儿童膳食模式与其超重肥胖的关系。方法 采用分层整群抽样选取1 010例成都市7～12岁儿童作为研究对象，通过问卷调查收集儿童的基本信息、膳食数据及生活方式信息。通过因子分析法建立儿童的膳食模式。同时对儿童进行体格测量，计算儿童的体重指数（BMI）并判断其超重肥胖情况。采用多元Logistic回归模型分析儿童膳食模式与超重肥胖的关系。结果 本研究提取了成都市儿童的3种膳食模式:模式1与饮料、冰淇淋、西式快餐等的高摄入量相关；模式2以豆类、薯类、全谷物、乳类及其制品等为主要食物；模式3与蔬菜、水果的高摄入量相关。在调整相关混杂因素后，模式2得分越高，儿童超重肥胖的发生风险越低（OR值: 0.59, 95%CI: 0.39～0.90, P = 0.04）；模式1和模式3与儿童超重肥胖无关。结论 儿童的膳食模式会对其超重肥胖产生影响，应加强对儿童青少年的营养教育，指导其选择健康的膳食。

Association between dietary patterns and overweight/obesity among school-aged children in Chengdu

Objective The aim of this study was to explore the association between dietary patterns and overweight/obesity among school-aged children in Chengdu. Methods A total of 1010 children aged from 7 to 12 years old were recruited in Chengdu by cluster random sampling. Data on socio-demographic, dietary and lifestyle factors were collected by questionnaires. Factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. Anthropometric data were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI). To examine the association between dietary patterns and overweight/obesity, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. Results Three dietary patterns were identified among children aged 7-12 years in Chengdu: pattern 1 was related to high intakes of beverages, ice cream and western fast food; pattern 2 mainly consisted of beans, potatoes, whole grains and diary foods; pattern 3 was associated with high intakes of vegetables and fruits. After adjusting related confounders, a higher pattern 2 score was associated with a lower risk of overweight and obesity. Pattern 1 and 3 were not related with overweight and obesity of children. Conclusion Dietary patterns were associated with overweight and obesity of children. Nutrition education should be launched for children and adolescents, leading them to select healthy diet.