利用低氧帐篷进行"高住低练"对划船运动员运动能力影响的初探

目的探讨"高住低练"(运动员睡在相当于2500m的高度,训练则在平原)与"低住低练"对划船运动员运动能力影响的差别.通过对20名划船运动员的对比研究,发现运动员在进行为期4周的高住低练过程中,实验组在实验第15天、第30天,红细胞数、红细胞压积及血红蛋白水平均明显高于实验前水平,对照组则在上述时间段无明显变化.HiLo组运动员4mmol/L乳酸无氧阈功率明显高于实验前,比实验前平均增长了31W,对照组仅增长了10.5W,与实验前相比无明显差异,实验组的增长值明显高于对照组.两组运动员的无氧作功能力无明显差异.实验组和对照组2000m成绩与实验前比较,均无显著性差异,但实验组的平均成绩提高幅度要大于对照组;5000m成绩两组与实验前比较都有明显提高,但是实验组出现十分显著的提高,提高值显著高于对照组.以上结果表明,高住低练能明显提高运动员的有氧耐力和专项耐力成绩.

The Effect of "Living High and Training Low" with a Normobaric Hypoxic Tabernacle on Exercise Performance of Rowers

This study was to investigate the influnce of 4 weeks of living high-training low on exercise performance of rowers. Twenty rowers were divided into two groups: ten subjects spent 8-10h per night in a tabernacle simulated at an altitude of 2500m in normobaric hypoxia; 10 control subjects slept at near sea level. During the 4-week periods, all rowers were trained at the same relative or at the same intensity of work in normoxia state. The red cell volume (RCV) , haemoglobin mass (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT) were measured before test, 15th and 30th day of study,and measurements were done on a rowing ergometer at sea-level, which included an ergometer test at 4 mmol/L lactate anaerobic threshold and performance in exercise tasks of 2km, 5km, and a Wingate Anaerobic Test before test and 30th day of study. The results showed that adaptation to simulated moderate altitude can stimulate red cell production sufficiently: increase in red cell volume (RCV) , haemoglobin mass (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct). And there were significant increases in all important parameters at 4 mmol/L lactate anaerobic threshold as well as performance of 5km, while the performance of 2km showed no significant improvement, the mean values of both mean power per kilogram body weight and peak power per kilogram body weight were not increased significantly. In the control group, there were no significant changes in the all abovementioned parameters. The results of this study indicate that living high-training low can improve the aerobic energy-supply systems. We conclude that 4-week of living high and training low can improve sea level endurance performance in rowers.