无锡市1065例皮炎湿疹类皮肤病的接触性变应原分析

目的 探讨无锡市皮炎湿疹类皮肤病患者的接触性变应原及其临床意义。 方法 斑贴试剂盒对门诊确诊的1065例皮炎湿疹类皮肤病患者进行斑贴试验，并对结果作统计学处理。 结果 斑贴试验总阳性率83.19%，性别、年龄差异无统计学意义。阳性率居前6位的变应原依次为重铬酸钾、氯化钴、硫酸镍、甲醛、卡巴混合物和芳香混合物。其中重铬酸钾和卡巴混合物的阳性检出率男性显著高于女性，硫酸镍和甲醛的阳性检出率女性显著高于男性，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.01）。氯化钴的阳性检出率中青年组和老年组显著高于儿童组，硫酸镍的阳性检出率中青年组显著高于儿童组，差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结论 重铬酸钾、氯化钴、硫酸镍、甲醛、卡巴混合物和芳香混合物是无锡市引起皮炎湿疹类皮肤病的主要变应原。

Analysis of contact allergens in 1065 patients with dermatitis or eczema in Wuxi city

Objective To determine contact allergens and their clinical significance in patients with dermatitis or eczema in Wuxi city. Methods Patch test was conducted in 1065 patients with a clinical diagnosis of dermatitis or eczema. A statistical analysis was carried out. Results Positive patch test reactions were observed in 83.19% of the patients, with no statistical differences in the frequency of positive patch test reactions between female and male patients or between patients of different age groups. The most frequent 6 allergens were potassium dichromate, cobalt chloride, nickle sulfate, formaldehyde, carba mix and fragrance mix in these patients. Female patients showed a higher frequency of positive patch test reaction to nickle sulfate and formaldehyde, but a lower frequency to potassium dichromate and carba mix compared with male patients （all P < 0.01）; young, middle-aged, and old patients exhibited an increased frequency of positive reaction to cobalt chloride compared with child patients, while young and middle-aged patients showed a decreased frequency to nickel sulfate compared with child patients （all P < 0.05）. Conclusion Potassium dichromate, cobalt chloride, nickle sulfate, formaldehyde, carba mix and fragrance mix are the main allergens causing dermatitis and eczema in Wuxi city.