北京市部分餐厅和酒吧烟草烟雾及影响因素调查

目的了解北京市餐厅采取控烟措施的现况和实行禁烟措施对减少室内烟草烟雾浓度的效果。方法电话调查部分餐厅和酒吧采取的各种禁烟措施情况，采用AM510型个人智能防爆粉尘检测仪对室内外细颗粒物PM2.5的浓度进行检测，分析不同禁烟措施和不同类别餐厅烟草烟雾浓度以及室内外细颗粒物浓度差是否存在差异。结果在抽取调查92家的餐厅、酒吧中，采取完全禁烟和部分禁烟措施的占27．9％。92家的室内细颗粒物平均浓度达到253．08μg/m^3，比室外的高102．37％；有禁烟规定的餐厅和酒吧室内外细颗粒物浓度分别是93．10μg/m^3和110．33μg/m^3，无禁烟规定的餐厅、酒吧室内外细颗粒物浓度分别是289．34μg/m^3和128．40μg/m^3，不同类型餐厅、酒吧室内外细颗粒物浓度分别是413．46μg/m^3和190．62μg/m^3，西式快餐厅室内外细颗粒物浓度分别是8386μg/m^3和104．77μg/m^3，不同档次的餐厅中，室外细颗粒物浓度均比室内低。所调查餐厅、酒吧的室内细颗粒物浓度与单位体积吸烟人数呈显著正相关。结论餐厅内采取禁烟措施能有效减少环境烟草烟雾污染。

Study on the level of tobacco-generate smoke in several restaurants and bars in Beijing, China

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the current smoking regulations and their impacts on the environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) levels inside restaurants and bars in Beijing. METHODS: Telephone survey was used to investigate the smoking regulations. TSI Sidepak AM510 was used to measure the level of fine particles less than 2.5 microns in diameter (PM2.5) in restaurants and bars. Analysis of variance and non-parametric rank tests were used to examine the association between indoor and outdoor PM2.5 levels and (1) smoking regulations; and (2) types of restaurants and bars. RESULTS: Of the 305 restaurants and bars surveyed, 27.9% had complete or partial smoking prohibiting rules. The average indoor PM2.5, level of the 92 restaurants and bars was 253.08 microg/m3 , 102.37% higher than the outdoor level. The average indoor and outdoor PM2.5 levels in the restaurants and bars with smoking ban regulations were 93.10 microg/m3 and 110.33 microg/m3 whole 289.34 microg/m3 and 128.40 microg/m3 in those without, respectively. The average indoor and outdoor PM2.5 levels of bars were 413.46 microg/m3 and 190.62 microg/m3, respectively, while in the western fast-food restaurants, they were 83.86 microg/m3 and 104.77 microg/m3, respectively. The outdoor PM2.5 levels were higher than the indoor levels in different classes of restaurants and bars. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between PM2.5 levels and the number of smokers per cube meters (r = 0.47, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Smoking regulations could effectively reduce the ETS level in restaurants and bars.