面神经分支在颞区的显微解剖学研究

目的 明确面神经在颞区的分布层次和范围，指导面部年轻化手术的操作入路。方法 12具(24侧)成人尸头标本，于5倍光学显微镜下行颞区的解剖观察。结果 颞区包含面神经的颞支和颧支：由面神经的上支分出，出腮腺上缘，颞支发出3～8个分支、颧支2～4个分支，行于颞浅筋膜深面。颞支越过颧弓至颞区，分布于额肌、眼轮匝肌、皱眉肌和耳周围肌等组织，主导其运动；颧支由腮腺上缘向前上方越过颧弓至外眦，支配眼轮匝肌和颧肌的运动；两支之间以及与眼神经的眶上神经和泪腺神经之间．都有交通支。结论 面神经的颞支和颧支分布在颞浅筋膜的深面和颞深筋膜的浅层之间的组织内，支配额部、眼周和耳部的表情肌运动；面部年轻化手术在分离颞区时．应避免在此层进行。

Microanatomy study of facial nerve distribution at the temporal region for safe facelifting

Objective To investigate the route and scope of the facial nerve in the temporal region for clinical applications. Methods Temporal region dissection was performed on 12 cadavers (24 sides) under light microscope. Results There are two branches of the facial nerve in the temporal region from the superior margin of the parotid: the temporal branch and the zygomatic branch. Each of them has two to five branches, which run in the deep layer of the superficial temporal fascia. The temporal branch crosses the zygomatic arch to the temporal region, innervating the frontal muscle, the orbicularis oculi muscle, the corrugator supercilii muscle, and the muscle surrounding the ear, etc. The zygomatic branch goes to the lateral canthus, innervating the orbicularis oculi muscle, the upper and lower eyelid and zygomatic muscles. There are communicating branches among the temporal branches, the zygomatic branches and the supraorbital and lacrimal nerves of the ophthalmic nerve. Conclusion The temporal branches and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve run between the deep zone of the superficial temporal fascia and the superficial layer of the profound temporal fascia, where dissection should be avoided during rhytidectomy in order not to damage the facial nerve branches. ;