面神经颅外段局部解剖与临床应用

目的：为颌面部外科手术、整形及美容手术提供面神经颅外段的应用解剖学资料。方法：在20具成人尸体、50具新生儿、1－6岁儿童尸体的139例头面部标本上，对面神经颅外段的根、干、支、丛等进行解剖观察分析。结果：（1）面神经出颅以后以一根型为主，共为138侧，占99．28％。（2）面神经干以二干为主，共122例，占87．77％。（3）上干的分支以颞支（T）、颧支（Z）、颊支（B）为主，即TZB型113侧，占89．68％。下干分支以颊支（B）、下颌缘支（M）、颈支（C）即（BMC）为主85侧，占77．98％；（4）分支形成的神经丛以TZB型最多见为87侧，占55．41％。颊支以2支为主共77例，占55．40％。结论：根据颌面部手术及整形、美容术的不同要求，对面神经加以保护和选择性应用。

The Regional Anatomy And Clinical Application Of Extracranial Section of Facial Nerve

Objective:To observe the extracranial section of facial nerve in order to prove applied anatomic basis for manollifacia surgery plastic surgery and cosmetic suegery.Mothods:the root,trunk,branch,plexus of the facial nerve were observed on 20 adults,50 newborns and 1-6 aged children(139 sides) cadavervic heads.Results:(1)most of facial nerve were one root which took 138 sides (99.28%).(2)most trunks of facial nerve were two trunks which took 122sides(87.77%).(3)the types of branches of facial nerve:most branches of supperior trunk were Temporal branch (T),Zygomatic branch(Z),Buccal branch(B),for short TZB wihch took 113 sides(89.68%).most branches of inferrior trunk were Buccal branch,Marginal mandibular branch(M),Cervical branch(C),for short BMC,which took 85 sides(77.98%).(4)the plexus of facial nerve added up 8 types,most were TZB,which took 87 sides (55.41%).Conclusion:according to different requirement of manollifacial surgery,plastic surgery,cosmetic surgery,to protect and selected applied facial nerve.