一起甲型肝炎局部流行的流行病学调查分析

采用现场流行病学调查方法,分析万田乡一起甲型肝炎局部流行的流行特征和影响因素.整个甲肝疫情历时89d,发病35例,发病率274.36/10万,与前8年平均发病率相比增长2864.94%,以5～10岁小学生和幼托儿童为主,并在病例密切接触者中检出HAV-IgM阳性54人,阳性率28.57%.认为整个疫情系通过日常生活接触传播,甲肝患者和无症状感染者均是重要的传染源,开展丙种球蛋白应急接种对控制甲肝流行起着关键性作用.

Epidemiological survey and analysis of a locally prevalent epidemic of hepatitis A

The epidemiologic field investigation was conducted to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of an epidemic of hepatitis A that was locally prevalent in Wantian township of Ruijin city. The incidence rate of this 89-day epidemic was 274.36/lakh, with 35 hepatitis A cases reported, showing an increase of 2864.94% compared with the average incidence of the past 8 years. The 5-to-10-year-old primary students and pre-school children were mostly affected in the epidemic. In close contact with the patients, 54 people were found HAV-IgM positive, the positive rate being 28.57%. It was believed that the epidemic was transmitted through casual contact. Hepatitis A and asymptomatic infected patients were the key sources of infection. The emergent inoculation of gamma globulin was critical in the control of hepatitis A.