胰岛素类似物的研究和临床应用

两种速效胰岛素类似物(赖脯胰岛素、天冬胰岛素),由于改变了胰岛素分子间相互作用的重要区域,其起效、达到峰值、作用持续时间均较常规人胰岛素短,对迅速降低餐后血糖、减少下一餐前低血糖优于常规人胰岛素.而两种长效胰岛素类似物(甘精胰岛素、地特胰岛素)通过改变胰岛素的等电点或增加类似物分子量的方法,使其分解、吸收及作用时间延长,吸收变异度小,而且无峰值,能更好地模拟生理基础胰岛素分泌.

Study and use of insulin analogues

There have appeared many new insulin analogues in recently years. Two of them are rapid-acting insulin analogues(aspart,lispro).The regions between the insulin analog molecules were modified,which have shorter time than regular human insulin in onset of action,peak,duration of acting,and are better in decreasing postprandial glucose and opportunity of hypoglycemia before next meal.The another insulin analogues were galargine and detemir.They were obtained from changing insulin isoelectric point and increasing molecular weight,which lengthen time for disintegration,absorption and action and have little absorption variation and no overt peak.They can simulate physiological base insulin excretion.