肠上皮细胞紧密连接基因及信号调控的研究进展

肠道屏障功能对于临床多种疾病的发生发展发挥着重要的作用，紧密连接结构对维持肠道屏障功能及调控细胞分化具有重要作用，细胞通过与周边细胞和胞外基质相互作用调节紧密连接蛋白的基因表达，进一步影响细胞的屏障功能、细胞增殖、细胞极性和细胞凋亡等。紧密连接作为一种重要的细胞连接，其调节与一些信号转导通路有关，包括经典的环磷酸腺苷．蛋白激酶A-cAMP反应元件结合蛋白通路、三磷酸肌醇通路、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶通路、磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶通路及特殊的闭锁小带蛋白1相关核酸连接蛋白通路、细胞周期蛋白、磷酸化和甲基化调控途径等，其基因及蛋白质表达的调控较复杂。紧密连接蛋白表达及调控紊乱与临床疾病的发生密切相关，如屏障破坏、顽固性感染、消化系统疾病、肿瘤。本文主要综述紧密连接蛋白如何参与基因表达、相关基因的调控，及其参与基因表达和细胞分化的自身调节相关机制。

Research advances in gene expressions and related signal transduction in the tight junction of intestinal epithelium

The tight junction of intestinal epithelium plays an important role in maintaining the function of intestinal barrier and regulating the cell differentiation. The intestinal epithelial cells interact with neighboring cells and the extracellular matrix and then affect the epithelial barrier as well as the proliferation, polarization, and apoptosis of cells. As an important cell junction, the tight junction of intestinal epithelium participates in a series of signal transduction pathways including the classic cyclic adenosine monophosphate-protein kinase A-cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding, inositol trisphosphate, Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and in some special pathways including zonula occludents protein 1-associated Y-box factor,cyclin related protein, phosphorylation, and methylation. Furthermore, regulations of gene and protein expression of the tight junction are also complex, while disorders of such regulations may lead to clinical diseases, such as disruption of the intestinal barrier, refractory infection, and even cancers. This article reviews the research advances in gene expressions, related signal transduction, and self-regulation in the tight junction of intestinal epithelium.