基于DNA损伤修复通路开发的新药及在泌尿系统肿瘤治疗中应用的研究进展

基因组不稳定性是癌症的一个重要特征，是由DNA损伤修复反应缺陷或复制压力增加引起的。这些缺陷也会变为癌细胞的弱点，人们可以利用这些弱点来提高抗癌治疗的效果。近年来，针对不同DNA损伤修复通路的高效选择性靶向制剂得到快速发展，人们已经观察到明确的抗肿瘤活性和药物安全性。临床医生应该认识到这类药物潜在的抗癌作用机制，包括药理学上的相似性和差异性，以及迄今报告的临床结果和毒副反应，这样才能为患者提供最优化的治疗方案。在此，我们将目前基于DNA损伤修复通路开发的新药与泌尿生殖系肿瘤的治疗现状进行综述。

Research progress of new drugs developed by DNA damage repair pathway and their application in the treatment of urogenital neoplasms

Genomic instability is an important feature of cancer and is caused by defective response to DNA damage or increased replication pressure.These defects can also become weaknesses of cancer cells that can be exploited to improve the effectiveness of anti-tumor treatments.In recent years,targeted drugs for DNA damage repair pathways have been developed rapidly,and anti-tumor activity and drug safety have been observed.Clinicians should be aware of the potential anti-tumor mechanisms of such drugs,including pharmacological similarities and differences,as well as the clinical results and side effects reported to date,in order to provide patients with optimal treatment options.Here,we summarize the current status of new drugs developed by DNA damage repair pathway and treatment of urogenital neoplasms.