纳米粒形状对体内药动学的影响及非球形纳米粒制备方法的研究进展

目的介绍非球形纳米粒的最新研究进展,并对其体内药动学行为及制备方法进行综述。方法参考近年来国内外的23篇文献,根据纳米粒形状对体内药动学影响及非球形纳米粒的制备方法分类并总结。结果形状这一影响因素同聚合物种类、颗粒大小和表面化学等一样影响着纳米粒子在体内的吞噬、转运、吸附等药动学行为,因此,可以根据需要将纳米粒设计成不同形状以达到缓释、靶向等作用;可以采用"PRINT"技术、介孔硅技术、膜拉伸技术等或联合应用多种技术制备非球形纳米粒;可以根据要求的不同,把制备的非球形纳米粒制成注射剂、肺部吸入剂及口服制剂等等。结论纳米粒的形状对体内药动学有着重要影响,并且逐渐受到越来越多的关注,制备非球形纳米粒的方法也在不断地涌现。在今后的研究中,仍需开发大规模且高效生产非球形纳米粒的方法,以及对粒子形状在生物学相关领域的影响上做系统性的研究,使非球形纳米粒在药物传递领域中发挥重要的作用。

Advances in shape effect on the pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles and fabrication of nonspherical nanoparticles

Objective To introduce the progress of nonspherical nanoparticles and review the pharmacokinetics and preparation methods for nonspherical nanoparticles. Methods On the basis of published literatures, the shape effect on the pharmacokinetics of nanoparticles and fabrication of nonspherical nanoparticles were classified and summarized. Results Shape influenced the pharmacokinetic behaviors such as endocytosis, transport, adsorption etc just liked polymer selection, the particle size and surface chemistry. Therefore, nanoparticles of different shapes can be designed to achieve control-release and targeted functions according to our need. "PRINT", mesoporous silica, film-stretching technology etc may be used or combined the various kinds of techniques to obtain nonspherical nanoparticles. The nanoparticles can be administered in different routes, such as intravenous route, pulmonary delivery, oral route etc. Conclusion The shape of the nanoparticles has an important influence on pharmacokinetics and attracts many experts' attention. The preparation methods are constantly emerging. In the future, large-scale and high effective methods of nonspherical nanoparticles are still needed to be developed. A systemic research in the biology related field is also needed to play an important role in the drug delivery.