对坑道内空气真菌限值指标的探讨

目的通过公共场所及家庭居室等环境空气微生物调查，提出坑道空气真菌平时限值指标，为启用坑道时采取预防措施提供依据。方法用撞击法和沉降法对不同场所空气中细菌总数及真菌进行监测。撞击法用JWL-ⅡB新型微生物固体撞击式空气微生物监测仪，高度1m，采样1min。沉降法暴皿5min。监测面积≤30m。取3个点，≥30m。取5个点。用N962风速温湿度计监测微小气候。结果11个不同场所空气中细菌总数撞击法平均2062 CFU／m^3，沉降法平均21．7 CFU／Ⅲ；真菌数撞击法平均479 CFU／m^3，沉降法平均5．0 CFU／Ⅲ。细菌与真菌比值，撞击法4．3：1（2．8～6．8：1），沉降法4．3：1（2．2～8．4：1）。结论根据不同场所空气中真菌监测结果、细菌与真菌比值关系及综合分析，建议坑道内平时空气真菌限值撞击法为≤1000 CFU／m^3，沉降法为≤10 CFU／Ⅲ。

Exploration of the Limit Value of Fungi in the Air of Tunnels

[Objective] Through the air microbial investigation in the public places and household rooms, to put forward the limit value of fungi in the tunnels and provide evidence for the preventive measures in tunnels utilizing. [ Methods] Impact method and sedimentation method were applied to detect the total bacteria quantity and fungi in the air of different places ; JWL- ⅡB new model microorganism solid impact air monitor （1 m＇s height and one minute＇s sample collection） was used in the impact method; in the sedimentation method, utensil exposure was 5 minutes, surveillance proportion was less than 30 m^2 in 3 spots and over 30 m^2 in 5 spots ; microclimate was monitored with N 962 wind speed hygroscope. [ Results] The total bacteria amount in the different places was 2062 CFU/m^3 with the impact method and 21.7 CFU/utensil with the sedimentation method; the fungi amount was 479 CFU/m^3 with the impact method and 5.0 CFU/utensil with the sedimentation method; the ratio of bacteria and fungi was 4.3：1 （2.8 -6.8：1 ） with the impact method and 4.3：1 （2.2 - 8.4： 1） with the sedimentation method. [ Conclusion] According to the surveillance result of the air fungi, bacteria/fungi ratio and comprehensive analysis, it is suggested that the limit value of the air fungi be less than 1000 CFU/m^3 with the impact method and 10 CFU/utensil with the sedimentation method.