磁共振功能弥散成像对肝脏早期弥漫性病变诊断价值的实验研究

目的探讨磁共振(MR)功能弥散成像(DWI)对早期肝脏弥漫性病变的诊断价值。方法用二乙基亚硝胺诱导大鼠肝脏病变,对其早期阶段(给药后1-14周)的弥漫性改变进行动态磁共振常规形态学成像(包括T1加权、T2加权和常规MR增强扫描)和DWI,并作组织学检查,与正常大鼠比较。结果两组大鼠肝脏的常规形态MR相比无明显差异,而DWI显示了实验组大鼠肝脏早期肝硬化的不均质性改变,表现为相应肝叶的片状信号增高。正常组各周间肝实质的表观弥散系数(ADC)值无明显差异;实验组自第5周ADC值开始下降。当悌度因子(b)为300 s/mm2时,正常组与实验组间以及实验组第10周与第1周和第9周间ADC值差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);当b=600 s/mm2和1 000 s/mm2时,自第6周正常组与实验组间以及实验组第6周与第1周和第5周间ADC值变化显示出明显差异(P<0.01)。病理组织学检查显示实验组1-4周大鼠肝脏的病理改变是以肝细胞肿胀为主,为肝炎阶段,5-8周则属于以肝实质内纤维组织增生为主的肝纤维化阶段,9-14周已进展为肝硬化阶段,实质内有许多纤维分割不完整或完整的增生性结节形成。结论MR功能弥散成像较形态结构影像能更早的反映肝脏弥漫性病变,动态ADC值的测定有助于肝脏早期弥漫性病变的诊断和病变进展的监测。

Evaluation of early stage diffused liver lesions with MR functional diffusion-weighted imaging-an experimental study

Objective To investigate the value of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) in the diagnosis of early stage liver diffuse lesions. Methods Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) was used to induce liver lesions in rats. Sequential DWI studies were performed on the livers from 1 to 14 weeks after DEN was administered through drinking water. Comparing studies with a blank control group was set and pathohistological examinations of the livers were performed. Results No obvious routine MRI morphological change was found in either group during this period, but DWI demonstrated heterogeneous changes in the test group at the cirrhosis stage. There was no significant alteration of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value in the control group during this period (P > 0.05). The ADC values of the test group began to decline from the fifth week. Until the tenth week, the ADC value of the test group decreased drastically and when b = 300 s/mm2 statistic, the results showed an obvious difference between the two groups. There were also differences between the ADC values at the 10th, the 9th and the 1st weeks of the test group (P < 0.05). When b = 600 s/mm2 and 1000 s/mm2, significant differences were found after the sixth week between the two groups(P < 0.01). The main pathohistological liver change in the test group during the 1 to 4 week period after DEN was administered was swelling of hepatocytes; during the 5 to 8 week period it was fibrous tissues hyperplasia, and in the 9 to 14 week period it was cirrhotic nodule formation. Conclusion MR functional DWI could detect liver diffuse lesions earlier than conventional MR imaging. Measurement of ADC value may be of use in early diagnosis of liver diffuse diseases and for monitoring the changes of the lesions.