四川野生铁皮石斛株丛时空格局的动态演化

目的：阐释自然环境下野生铁皮石斛株丛时空格局及生活史特征，为铁皮石斛原地保护、回归保育和仿野生栽培提供参考。方法：以四川省石棉县收集的114丛野生株丛为研究材料，比较不同等级株丛生长情况差异，并对可明确辨别丛龄的74个实生小株丛合轴生长及花序柄（或花序柄痕）残留情况进行观察，探讨野生铁皮石斛株丛时空格局及生活史特征。结果：野生铁皮石斛假鳞茎茎节数、茎长、株丛根数、根长和根粗随假鳞茎数量增加而增加，但茎粗无明显变化规律；实生小株丛的第一年茎（种子萌发茎）和第二年茎（分蘖茎）生长缓慢、短小，完成由种子到种子的生活史周期约需4年或更长；高位腋芽较少，高芽繁殖并非该野生铁皮石斛居群的主要繁殖方式，其通过合轴生长的分蘖繁殖扩大株丛并实施有性繁殖，株丛生长到一定阶段开始衰退。结论：四川省石棉县有野生铁皮石斛分布。株丛调查表明，野生铁皮石斛主要通过种子萌发的实生苗及分蘖繁殖实现种群更新。建议利用铁皮石斛果实里种子数量大的优势积极开展原生境播种和回归保育，对川产石斛资源发掘（含文化挖掘）、保护及可持续利用进行了探讨。

Dynamic Evolution of Spatiotemporal Pattern of Wild Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo in Sichuan Province

Objective To reveal the spatiotemporal pattern and life history characteristics of wild Dendrobium officinale in the natural environment and provide a reference for in-situ conservation, re-introduction conservation, and imitated wild cultivation of D. officinale.Methods In this study, 114 wild plants of D. officinale were collected and the growth status was compared between plants of different grades. The 74 seedlings with identified clump age were observed for the sympodial growth and the residue of inflorescence stalk (or inflorescence stalk scar), and thus the spatiotemporal pattern and life history characteristics of the wild D. officinale plants were investigated.Results The pseudobulb internode number, stem length, stem number, root length, and root diameter increased with the increase in pseudobulb number, while the stem diameter did not show an obvious trend. The one-year-old stem (generated from seed germination) and two-year-old stem (generating from tillering) of the clump grew slowly and short, and the whole life history from seed to seed was about 4 years or longer. There were few high axillary buds, which indicated that high axillary budding was not the main reproduction method of the wild D. officinale population. Tiller propagation from the clump axis and sexual reproduction were the main reproduction ways for wild D. officinale, and the plant growth began to decline at certain stages.Conclusion This study reported the distribution of wild D. officinale in Shimian County of Sichuan Province for the first time. The wild D. officinale mainly achieved population renewal through seed germination and tiller propagation. Considering the large seed number, we suggested in-situ sowing and re-introduction conservation. Furthermore, we prospected the resource (including culture) exploration, protection, and sustainable utilization of D. officinale in Sichuan.