胸腰段青少年特发性脊柱侧凸远端融合椎选择的分析研究

目的 探讨胸腰段青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)远端融合椎(LIV)新的选择标准.方法 纳入融合胸腰弯且经过1.5年以上随访的患者52例,患者均符合新的AIS选择标准,即术前站立正位X线片骶正中线(CSVL)在侧凸远端接触到的第1椎体为触及椎(TV),且该TV应符合以下要求:Nash-Moe旋转度小于或等于Ⅱ度;凹侧Bending像上CSVL位于TV两侧椎弓根之间;不存在胸腰段及腰段后凸畸形;CSVL距离TV 3～4 mm的患者也列入研究范围.所有患者均由同一组经验丰富的脊柱外科医师实施手术,均采用后路全椎弓根钉内固定矫形融合.术前、术后即刻、终末随访均测站立位脊柱全长正侧X线片、卧位左右Bending像,并测量主弯Cobb角、冠状面躯干偏移(TS)、LIV倾斜度(LIVT)、LIV尾侧椎间盘角度(LIVA),观察TV、稳定椎等位置,记录并进行统计分析.结果 所有患者均随访18个月以上,平均(23±3)个月.术前、术后即刻、末次随访主弯Cobb角分别为(49.32±11.37)°、(9.08±6.78)°、(10.65±6.68)°,LIVT分为(21.76±4.68)°、(5.17±4.09)°、(5.16±3.08)°,LIVA分别为(7.19±5.16)°、(3.16±2.78)°、(4.17±3.28)°,术后即刻、末次随访时上述各项指标与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术前躯干失代偿患者27例,末次随访时5例患者并发躯干失代偿,未较术前增加.将TV作为LIV与采用稳定椎做LIV相比,前者可以节省(1.42±0.45)个融合节段.结论 采用新标准进行胸腰段AIS手术治疗比目前临床上常用的方法节省融合节段.

Analysis and study on distal fusion vertebrae selection for thoracolumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Objective To investigate a new selection criteria for lower instrumentation vertebrae (LIV) in thoracolumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).Methods Fifty-two cases of fusion thoracolumbar bend and more than 1.5 years follow up were included.The cases conformed to the AIS selection criteria,i.e.,the first vertebral body touched at the scoliosis distal end in the central sacral vertical line (CSVL) of erect orthotopic X-ray film served as the touch vertebrae (TV),moreover which should meet the following requirements:the Nash-Moe rotation ≤ degree Ⅱ;CSVL located between bilateral vertebral pedicle in the concave side Bending image;no kyphosis of thoracolumbar and lumbar segments existed;the patients with the distance 3-4 mm from CSVL to TV were also included into the study.The operation of each case was carried out by an experienced spine surgeon team.The internal fixation orthopedic fusion of total pedicle screws was adopted by posterior approach.The spine full length of the anterior-posterior and lateral X-ray film and left and right sides Bending images at clinostatism were taken before operation,instantly after operation and at final follow up.The Cobb angle of main bending,trunk shift (TS) at coronal plane,LIV tilting (LIVT) and LIV distal disc angulation (LIVA) were measured.The positions of TV and stable spine were observed,recorded and performed the statistical analysis.Results All cases were followed up for more than 18 months,with an average follow-up period of (23 ± 3) months.The main bending Cobb angles before operation,instantly after operation and at final follow up were (49.32±11.37)°,(9.08 ± 6.78)°and (10.65±6.68)°respectively,LIVT were (21.76±4.68)°,(5.17±4.09)° and (5.16±3.08)° respectively and LIVA were (7.19±5.16)°,(3.16±2.78)° and (4.17±3.28)° respectively;the above indicators had statistical differences between before operation with instantly after operation and at final follow up (P＜0.05).Twenty seven cases were preoperative trunk decompensation,and 5 cases were complicating trunk decompensation at final follow up,which were not increased compared with those before operation.Comparing TV as LIV with adopting stable vertebrae as LIV,the former could save (1.42 ±0.45) fusion segments.Conclusion Adopting the new criteria to conduct thoracolumbar AIS operation saves the fusion segments as compared with commonly used method in clinic.