手背尺侧逆行岛状皮瓣的解剖学及临床应用

目的　为手背尺侧逆行岛状皮瓣移位术提供解剖学基础。　方法　 40侧经动脉内灌注红色乳胶的成人尸体上肢标本 ,解剖观察尺动脉腕背支的起始、走行、分支分布以及远端吻合情况。临床应用 2例修复机器轧伤环、小指 ,软组织缺损范围为 4.5～ 5.0 cm× 2 .0～ 3.5 cm。　结果　尺动脉腕背支于豌豆骨上 (3.9± 1 .2 ) cm始于尺动脉 ,外径 (1 .3± 0 .2 ) mm,分出升支、降支。降支为腕背支的延续 ,经第 5掌骨尺侧缘直达掌骨头颈处与小指动脉尺侧支或掌深弓小鱼际支相吻合占 70 % ;降支至豌豆骨附近变为纤细 ,由小指动脉尺侧支或掌深弓小鱼际支上行与之吻合占 30 % ;吻合外径 (0 .5± 0 .1 ) mm。临床应用的 2例 ,术后创面 期愈合 ,随访 3～ 4个月手指功能恢复正常。　结论　尺动脉腕背支降支为蒂的手背尺侧逆行岛状皮瓣 ,以豌豆骨下 5 cm为皮瓣旋转点 ,适用于手背及邻指软组织缺损修复 ,也可制成带神经、肌腱和骨片的复合组织瓣

ANATOMICAL STUDY ON REVERSE FLAP OF DORSO-ULNAR ASPECT OF MID-HAND AND ITS CLINICAL APPLICATION

OBJECTIVE: To provide anatomical bases for dorso-ulnar aspect of mid-hand reverse flap. METHODS: After red latex was infused into the arteries of 40 sides of adult cadava upper limbs, the origin, course, branches, distribution and distal anastomosis on the dorsal carpal branch of ulnar arteries were observed. And the mid-hand flap transfer was used to repair two cases of soft tissue defect (ranged 4.5-5.0 cm x 2.0-3.5 cm on ring and little fingers). RESULTS: The dorsal carpal branch begins with ulnar artery (3.9 +/- 1.2) cm above the pisiform with diameter of (1.3 +/- 0.2) mm, and branches off into ascending and descending branches. The descending one is the continuing of dorsal branch, it crosses the ulnar edge of the fifth metecarpal bone and anastomizes with the digital artery of little finger or hypothenar branch of deep palmar (accounted for 70%). While the other ascending branch with the former two branches formed anastomosis accounts for 30%. The two cases got healed in one-stage. The function of fingers recovered after 3-4 month follow-up. CONCLUSION: The reverse flap of dorso-ulnar aspect of mid-hand is available to repair the soft tissue defect on dorsum of hand with neighbor finger.