脉搏轮廓法在感染性休克早期液体复苏中的运用

目的 探讨以脉搏轮廓动脉压波形分析法(PiCCO)指标指导感染性休克患者液体复苏及血管活性药应用及与预后的关系.方法 2006年12月至2008年6月感染性休克患者为常规治疗组,共纳入30例;2008年7月至2009年10月为PiCCO组,共纳入26例.排除标准为既往有慢性心肺及肝肾功能不全病史.常规组给予EDGT方案复苏.PiCCO组根据每搏变异量及全心舒张末期容积指数进行液体复苏,使全心舒张末期容积指数达到600～750 mL/m2,无房颤时同时考虑每搏变异量＜10%;并根据体循环外周阻力指数监测结果应用去甲肾上腺素调整在1300～1500 d·s·cm-5·m-2,根据全心射血分数及心脏指数应用多巴酚丁胺调节心功能,维持平均动脉压≥65 mmHg,同时监测血管外肺水指导液体选择和利尿剂应用.观察患者6 h后中心静脉氧饱和度和乳酸值、3 d的液体平衡状态、28 d生存率、28 d脱离呼吸机时间、住ICU时间和无脏器衰竭时间.结果 两组患者的年龄、性别、病因、APACHEⅡ及SOFA评分、血流动力学状态在液体复苏前差异无统计学意义.PiCCO组与常规组液体复苏6 h后中心静脉氧饱和度和乳酸值差异无统计学意义,28 d生存率和无脏器衰竭时间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).PiCCO组6 h和1 d血管活性药物多巴酚丁胺量(145.4±24.5)mg vs.(104.2±46.3)mg;(330.2±30.3)mg vs.(202.4±40.3)mg]及去甲肾上腺素用量(14.5±3.8)mg vs.(10.2±5.6)mg;(38.2±4.2)mg vs.(20.1±6.2)mg]较常规组明显要多(P＜0.05);但2d与3 d血管活性药量差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).PiCCO组6 h及3 d液体复苏的量明显减少(2121±578)mL vs.(2910±987)mL;(3845±435)mL vs.(4545±765)mL;(2467±510)mL vs.(2867±618)mL;(951±332)mL vs.(1472±533)mL],28 d内脱离呼吸机时间(19.7±8.3)d vs.(15.1±9.1)d]明显增加,住ICU时间明显缩短(7.5±3.5)d vs.(9.5±3.2)d](P＜0.05).结论 以PiCCO的指标指导感染性休克患者液体复苏及血管活性药应用,能更精确进行液体管理,减少盲目补液,减少机械通气时间,缩短住ICU时间.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the use of pulse indication contour cardiac output (PiCCO) as a guidance for fluid resuscitation and vasopressors employment in patients with septic shock in order to find out the efficacy of this resuscitation strategy in the respect of outcome of patients. Mtthod A total of 30 patients with septic shock were treated with the EDGT fluid treatment protocol as the conventional treatment group from December 2006 to June 2008; and another 26 patients were given fluid treatment under the guidance of PiCCO as PiCCO group from July 2008 to October 2009. Exclusion criteria included patients with history of heart and lung diseases, and liver and kidney dysfunction. The mean arterial blood pressure was maintained above or equal to 65mmHg in PiCCO group,and fluid resuscitation was concluded when global end-diastolic volume index reached 600～750 mL·-2 with the stroke volume variation in ＜ 10% and without auricular fibrillation. Nor-epinephrine was administrated to adiust the systemic peripheral vascular resistance index during 1300～1500 d·s·cm-5·m-2.Dobutamine was empoyed when global ejection fraction was compromised. The options of liquid and diuretics depend upon the presence d extra-vascular lung water. Central venous oxygen saturation and the level of lactate were observed 6hours after resuscitation. The liquid equilibrium for 3 days and the dosage of vasopressors were also recorded. The rate of survival, the time taken for weaning from mechanical ventilation, the days of ICU stay and rate of intact organ function within 28 days were compared between two groups. Results The demphics of patients of two goups were similar. There were no significant difference between PiCCO and the conventional group in values of central venous oxygen saturation and lactate 6 hours after admission to ICU (P ＞ 0.05). And 6 h and 1d after fluid resuscitation, the dosages of dobutamine and the dosages of nor-epinephrine used in PiCCO group were significantly higher than those in conventional group in which the dosages of dobutamine in two groups were (145.4±24.5)mg vs. (104.2 ± 46.3) mg and (330.2 ± 30.3) mg vs. (202.4 ± 40.3) mg], respectively, and the dosages of nor-epinephrine (14.5±3.8) mgvs. (10.2±5.6) mgand (38.2±4.2) rng vs.(20.1±6.2) mg], respectively. However, the dosages of vasopressors were similar between two groups 2 d and 3 d later. The amounts of liquid administered to get equilibrium in 6 h and the 3 d in PiCCO group were significantly less than those in conventional group (2121±578) mL vs. (2910±987) mL and (3845±435) mL vs. (4545 ± 765) mL and (2467±510) mLvs. (2867±618) mL and (951±332) mLvs. (1472±533) mL], respectively. The days required to get free from mechanical ventilation within 28d were significantly longer in PiCGO group(19.7 ± 8.3) d vs.(15.1±9.1) d], but the days of ICU stay were significantly shorter in PiCCO group (7.5 ± 3.5) d vs. (9.5±3.2) d] (P＜0.05). The rates of survival and days free from organ failure within 28 days of two groups were similar(P＞0.05). Conclusions When the early fluid management guided with PiCCO in septic shock patients,the fluid management can be implement more safely and precisely. It can shorten the days of ICU stay and days of mechanical ventilation support with avoidance of fluid resuscitation.

The application of pulse indication contour cardiac output to early fluid resuscitation in patients with septic shock

Objective To explore the use of pulse indication contour cardiac output (PiCCO) as a guidance for fluid resuscitation and vasopressors employment in patients with septic shock in order to find out the efficacy of this resuscitation strategy in the respect of outcome of patients. Mtthod A total of 30 patients with septic shock were treated with the EDGT fluid treatment protocol as the conventional treatment group from December 2006 to June 2008; and another 26 patients were given fluid treatment under the guidance of PiCCO as PiCCO group from July 2008 to October 2009. Exclusion criteria included patients with history of heart and lung diseases, and liver and kidney dysfunction. The mean arterial blood pressure was maintained above or equal to 65mmHg in PiCCO group,and fluid resuscitation was concluded when global end-diastolic volume index reached 600～750 mL·-2 with the stroke volume variation in ＜ 10% and without auricular fibrillation. Nor-epinephrine was administrated to adiust the systemic peripheral vascular resistance index during 1300～1500 d·s·cm-5·m-2.Dobutamine was empoyed when global ejection fraction was compromised. The options of liquid and diuretics depend upon the presence d extra-vascular lung water. Central venous oxygen saturation and the level of lactate were observed 6hours after resuscitation. The liquid equilibrium for 3 days and the dosage of vasopressors were also recorded. The rate of survival, the time taken for weaning from mechanical ventilation, the days of ICU stay and rate of intact organ function within 28 days were compared between two groups. Results The demphics of patients of two goups were similar. There were no significant difference between PiCCO and the conventional group in values of central venous oxygen saturation and lactate 6 hours after admission to ICU (P ＞ 0.05). And 6 h and 1d after fluid resuscitation, the dosages of dobutamine and the dosages of nor-epinephrine used in PiCCO group were significantly higher than those in conventional group in which the dosages of dobutamine in two groups were (145.4±24.5)mg vs. (104.2 ± 46.3) mg and (330.2 ± 30.3) mg vs. (202.4 ± 40.3) mg], respectively, and the dosages of nor-epinephrine (14.5±3.8) mgvs. (10.2±5.6) mgand (38.2±4.2) rng vs.(20.1±6.2) mg], respectively. However, the dosages of vasopressors were similar between two groups 2 d and 3 d later. The amounts of liquid administered to get equilibrium in 6 h and the 3 d in PiCCO group were significantly less than those in conventional group (2121±578) mL vs. (2910±987) mL and (3845±435) mL vs. (4545 ± 765) mL and (2467±510) mLvs. (2867±618) mL and (951±332) mLvs. (1472±533) mL], respectively. The days required to get free from mechanical ventilation within 28d were significantly longer in PiCGO group(19.7 ± 8.3) d vs.(15.1±9.1) d], but the days of ICU stay were significantly shorter in PiCCO group (7.5 ± 3.5) d vs. (9.5±3.2) d] (P＜0.05). The rates of survival and days free from organ failure within 28 days of two groups were similar(P＞0.05). Conclusions When the early fluid management guided with PiCCO in septic shock patients,the fluid management can be implement more safely and precisely. It can shorten the days of ICU stay and days of mechanical ventilation support with avoidance of fluid resuscitation.