经皮椎板间隙入路L5S1椎间盘切除术

目的探讨经皮椎板间隙入路内窥镜激光辅助椎间盘切除术治疗L5S1椎间盘突出症的疗效。方法回顾性研究2002年5月至2003年12月收治的L5S1椎间盘突出症病例168例,全部采用局麻下经皮椎板间隙入路内窥镜激光辅助椎间盘切除术,男92例,女76例;年龄18～73岁,平均42.8岁。依据Yeung分型,中央型22例、旁正中型120例、椎间孔型23例、椎间孔外侧型3例。其中钙化突出椎间盘8例,游离椎间盘19例。骶髂间距平均38.6mm。结果随访5～19个月,平均8.3个月。手术时间30￣90min,平均45min;平均住院时间1.3d。临床结果以MacNab标准评定,优73例(43.5%),良79例(47.0%),可8例(4.8%),差8例(4.8%);优良率90.5%。1例发生术中显微髓核钳断裂,8例术后MRI显示病变椎间盘减压不彻底、症状体征未改善,1例发生椎间盘炎,26例出现术后一过性感觉麻木。无一例发生死亡、硬脊膜破裂及脑脊液漏、血管损伤。结论L5S1的椎间盘突出可以采用经皮椎板间隙入椎管途径的内窥镜激光辅助椎间盘切除术,特别适用于髂嵴较高的患者。

Percutaneous endoscopic laser-assisted discectomy on L5S1 herniated nucleus pulposus through trans-interlaminar approach

Objective To investigate the efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic laser-assisted discectomy (PELD) on L5S1 herniated nucleus pulposus by posterior paramedian trans-interlaminar approach (PEILD). Methods 168 consecutive patients underwent PEILD between May 2002 and December 2003, and were analyzed retrospectively. All cases were operated in outpatient department under local anesthesia in Wooridul Spine Hospital of Korea. Of the 168 cases, 92 were males, and 76 females with a mean age of 42.8 years (range,18 to 73 years ). The classification of herniated disc position related to spinal canal and pedicle, was central in 22, para-central in 120, foraminal in 23, and extraforaminal in 3. The average of iliosacral distance was 38.6 mm. "C" arm fluoroscopy was needed during operation. All of the patients were given conservative management for 6 to 8 weeks without relief of radiculalgia. The AP film was used to make sure to have enough working interlaminar space of posterior percutaneous approach for L5S1 herniated nucleus pulposus. Results The operative time was 30 to 90 mins with an average of 45 mins, and the mean hospitalization was 1.3 days. The average follow-up duration was 8.3 months (range, 5 to 19 months), and the patients were evaluated at 2 day, 2 week, and 1, 2, 6 and 12 month respectively. The clinical results were assessed by MacNab criteria, there were excellent in 43.5%, good in 47.0%, fair in 4.8%, and poor in 4.8%, and successful rate was 90.5%. 8 cases showed incomplete removal of the pathological disc on postoperative MRI without changes of symptoms and signs, then open laminectomy and microdiscectomy (OLM) were performed, including 4 of foraminal type, 3 of extraforaminal type and 1 of central type. 1 case displayed discitis, which was improved one month later by intravenous antibiotics, immobilization and bedrest. 26 cases showed transient postoperative paresthesia, improved by conservative treatment. Conclusion L5S1 disc herniation can be effectively treated with percutaneous endoscopic laser discectomy through posterior paramedian trans-interlaminar approach, which is easier for the patients with higher iliac spines.